Publicação
Effects of UV filters in Mytilus galloprovincialis sperms and adults under climate change
| Resumo: | Multiple stressors are leading to unprecedent pressures in coastal systems namely pollutants such as personal care products and climate change such as ocean warming. Avobenzone (AVO) is one of the most used ultraviolet (UV) filters in personal care products which use is progressively higher. UV filters are persistent and can be accumulated in the environment whereas their impacts in marine organisms, in particular bivalves, are poorly studied. Bivalves represent a significant proportion of aquaculture production, being highly abundant in European coastal zones and having socioeconomic importance. Mussels are considered sentinel organisms and are often used in ecotoxicological research. Due to recreational activities at the beach, UV filters reach higher peaks during summer in aquatic bodies, sometimes coincident with the spawning period of mature sedentary mussels. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of a range of AVO concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 μg/L) and investigate in which way warming (21 °C) may change the effects caused at different biological levels of the Mediterranean mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819): sperm (in vitro 30 min-exposure) and adults (in vivo 28 days-exposure). Effects were assessed in sperm cells (oxidative status, viability, genotoxicity, motility and kinetics) and adults (energy reserves, metabolic capacity, biological defence mechanisms, cell damages and neurotoxicity). Cellular damages occurred only in sperm exposed to warming and their susceptibility to warming increased significantly when combined with AVO, since this UV filter alone did not exert any effects. AVO concentration range, warming and AVO with higher temperature led to oxidative stress in sperm. A decrease of viability was observed in sperm exposed to the highest AVO concentrations and warming. All AVO concentrations induced genotoxicity and warming increased sperm sensitivity to AVO. Respiration rate increased significantly in sperm exposed to 0.5 μg/L AVO, warming and AVO with warming. AVO concentration range and AVO with higher temperature induced a decrease of motility and the highest AVO concentration caused a complete immobility. A decrease of metabolism was observed at the lowest AVO concentration and an increase occurred with warming in adults. Energy reserves and antioxidant defences’ activity increased significantly in adults at the highest AVO concentration. Results suggest a higher sensitivity of sperm regarding AVO and warming, a higher susceptibility to the interactive effect of both stressors and to the highest AVO concentration, with possible impairment of male reproductive functions and disruption of M. galloprovincialis populations. This study highlights the importance of further research on the toxic impacts resulting from the interaction of emergent pollutants and climate change towards bivalves, considering their ecological and economic relevance. Pollution levels in coastal systems tend to increase and mussels’ responses can change under different scenarios, compromising the maintenance of the population, reinforcing the need for more research. |
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| Autores principais: | Bordalo, Diana Vanessa Martins |
| Assunto: | Avobenzone Mussels Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane Metabolism Oxidative stress Emerging pollutant |
| Ano: | 2022 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Aveiro |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RIA - Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro |
| Resumo: | Multiple stressors are leading to unprecedent pressures in coastal systems namely pollutants such as personal care products and climate change such as ocean warming. Avobenzone (AVO) is one of the most used ultraviolet (UV) filters in personal care products which use is progressively higher. UV filters are persistent and can be accumulated in the environment whereas their impacts in marine organisms, in particular bivalves, are poorly studied. Bivalves represent a significant proportion of aquaculture production, being highly abundant in European coastal zones and having socioeconomic importance. Mussels are considered sentinel organisms and are often used in ecotoxicological research. Due to recreational activities at the beach, UV filters reach higher peaks during summer in aquatic bodies, sometimes coincident with the spawning period of mature sedentary mussels. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of a range of AVO concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 μg/L) and investigate in which way warming (21 °C) may change the effects caused at different biological levels of the Mediterranean mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819): sperm (in vitro 30 min-exposure) and adults (in vivo 28 days-exposure). Effects were assessed in sperm cells (oxidative status, viability, genotoxicity, motility and kinetics) and adults (energy reserves, metabolic capacity, biological defence mechanisms, cell damages and neurotoxicity). Cellular damages occurred only in sperm exposed to warming and their susceptibility to warming increased significantly when combined with AVO, since this UV filter alone did not exert any effects. AVO concentration range, warming and AVO with higher temperature led to oxidative stress in sperm. A decrease of viability was observed in sperm exposed to the highest AVO concentrations and warming. All AVO concentrations induced genotoxicity and warming increased sperm sensitivity to AVO. Respiration rate increased significantly in sperm exposed to 0.5 μg/L AVO, warming and AVO with warming. AVO concentration range and AVO with higher temperature induced a decrease of motility and the highest AVO concentration caused a complete immobility. A decrease of metabolism was observed at the lowest AVO concentration and an increase occurred with warming in adults. Energy reserves and antioxidant defences’ activity increased significantly in adults at the highest AVO concentration. Results suggest a higher sensitivity of sperm regarding AVO and warming, a higher susceptibility to the interactive effect of both stressors and to the highest AVO concentration, with possible impairment of male reproductive functions and disruption of M. galloprovincialis populations. This study highlights the importance of further research on the toxic impacts resulting from the interaction of emergent pollutants and climate change towards bivalves, considering their ecological and economic relevance. Pollution levels in coastal systems tend to increase and mussels’ responses can change under different scenarios, compromising the maintenance of the population, reinforcing the need for more research. |
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