Publication
Treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceutical compounds by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation using clay-based materials as catalysts
| Summary: | This work deals with the treatment of wastewater containing paracetamol, used as a model pharmaceutical emergent pollutant, by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation using clay-based materials as catalysts. The catalysts prepared in this work were clays activated through acid treatment and clays pillared with Co and Fe. For the preparation, natural clays from four different regions of Kazakhstan were used: Akzhar, Asa, Karatau and Kokshetau. The FTIR analysis showed that the pillared clays have a higher amount of iron in its structure when compared with the natural materials, suggesting that the intercalation of iron was successful. The N2 adsorption isotherms obtained were classified as Type II, typical of macroporous materials. The acid characterization showed that the procedures used for the preparation of the acid activated clays and of the pillared clays caused structural modifications. After the preparation and characterization, the pillared materials were tested in the degradation of paracetamol by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Paracetamol concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and total organic carbon analysis (TOC) were followed against time. The material with the best activity was the Kokshetau pillared clay (KOP), with a complete conversion of the pollutant being obtained between 240 and 360 minutes of reaction, followed by a negligible iron leaching of 0.011 %. This leaching left the reaction system with a concentration of 0.089 mg/L of Fe, which is lower than the limit established by the European legislation for discharge in natural water courses (2 mg/L). Since the Kokshetau pillared clay presented the best result, other Kokshetau-based samples (activated, calcined and natural) were also tested in the CWPO of paracetamol. The higher efficiency of KOP in the CWPO of paracetamol can be explained by the fact that this material has a higher acidity, basicity and surface area when compared to the other pillared samples. |
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| Main Authors: | Silva, Adriano S. |
| Subject: | Activated clays Pillared clays CWPO Paracetamol Contaminants of emerging concern |
| Year: | 2019 |
| Country: | Portugal |
| Document type: | master thesis |
| Access type: | open access |
| Associated institution: | Universidade Politécnica de Bragança |
| Language: | English |
| Origin: | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| Summary: | This work deals with the treatment of wastewater containing paracetamol, used as a model pharmaceutical emergent pollutant, by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation using clay-based materials as catalysts. The catalysts prepared in this work were clays activated through acid treatment and clays pillared with Co and Fe. For the preparation, natural clays from four different regions of Kazakhstan were used: Akzhar, Asa, Karatau and Kokshetau. The FTIR analysis showed that the pillared clays have a higher amount of iron in its structure when compared with the natural materials, suggesting that the intercalation of iron was successful. The N2 adsorption isotherms obtained were classified as Type II, typical of macroporous materials. The acid characterization showed that the procedures used for the preparation of the acid activated clays and of the pillared clays caused structural modifications. After the preparation and characterization, the pillared materials were tested in the degradation of paracetamol by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Paracetamol concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and total organic carbon analysis (TOC) were followed against time. The material with the best activity was the Kokshetau pillared clay (KOP), with a complete conversion of the pollutant being obtained between 240 and 360 minutes of reaction, followed by a negligible iron leaching of 0.011 %. This leaching left the reaction system with a concentration of 0.089 mg/L of Fe, which is lower than the limit established by the European legislation for discharge in natural water courses (2 mg/L). Since the Kokshetau pillared clay presented the best result, other Kokshetau-based samples (activated, calcined and natural) were also tested in the CWPO of paracetamol. The higher efficiency of KOP in the CWPO of paracetamol can be explained by the fact that this material has a higher acidity, basicity and surface area when compared to the other pillared samples. |
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