Publication
Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques
| Summary: | The anaerobic threshold (AnT) seems to be not only a physiologic boundary but also a transition after which swimmers technique changes, modifying their biomechanical behaviour. We expanded the AnT concept to a biophysical construct in the four conventional swimming techniques. Seventy-two elite swimmers performed a 5×200 m incremental protocol in their preferred swimming technique (with a 0.05 m·s-1 increase and a 30 s interval between steps). A capillary blood samples were collected from the fingertip and stroke rate (SR) and length (SL) determined for the assessment of [La], SR and SL vs. velocity inflexion points (using the interception of a pair of linear and exponential regression curves). The [La] values at the AnT were 3.3±1.0, 3.9±1.1, 2.9±1 .34 and 4.5±1.4 mmol·l-1 (mean±SD) for front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, and its corresponding velocity correlated highly with those at SR and SL inflection points (r=0.91-0.99, p<0.001). The agreement analyses confirmed that AnT represents a biophysical boundary in the four competitive swimming techniques and can be determined individually using [La] and/or SR/SL. Blood lactate increase speed can help characterise swimmers' anaerobic behaviour after AnT and between competitive swimming techniques. |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | Carvalho, Diogo Duarte |
| Other Authors: | Soares, Susana; Zacca, R; Sousa, João; Marinho, Daniel; Silva, António; Vilas Boas, J. Paulo; Fernandes, Ricardo J. |
| Subject: | Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| Year: | 2020 |
| Country: | Portugal |
| Document type: | article |
| Access type: | open access |
| Associated institution: | Universidade da Beira Interior |
| Language: | English |
| Origin: | uBibliorum |
| _version_ | 1868420681465593856 |
|---|---|
| author | Carvalho, Diogo Duarte |
| author2 | Soares, Susana Zacca, R Sousa, João Marinho, Daniel Silva, António Vilas Boas, J. Paulo Fernandes, Ricardo J. |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Carvalho, Diogo Duarte Soares, Susana Zacca, R Sousa, João Marinho, Daniel Silva, António Vilas Boas, J. Paulo Fernandes, Ricardo J. |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | uBibliorum |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Carvalho, Diogo Duarte\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0001-8871-5614\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Soares, Susana\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-8313-8181\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Zacca, R\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-0494-0000\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Sousa, João\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Marinho, Daniel\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-2351-3047\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Silva, António\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0001-5790-5116\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Vilas Boas, J. Paulo\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-4109-2939\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Fernandes, Ricardo J.\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-5811-0443\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | uBibliorum |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Carvalho, Diogo Duarte Soares, Susana Zacca, R Sousa, João Marinho, Daniel Silva, António Vilas Boas, J. Paulo Fernandes, Ricardo J. |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2020-02-10T16:45:38Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2020-02-10T16:45:38Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | uBibliorum |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Carvalho, Diogo Duarte Soares, Susana Zacca, R Sousa, João Marinho, Daniel Silva, António Vilas Boas, J. Paulo Fernandes, Ricardo J. |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2020-02-10T16:45:38Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2020-02-10T16:45:38Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9194 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | The anaerobic threshold (AnT) seems to be not only a physiologic boundary but also a transition after which swimmers technique changes, modifying their biomechanical behaviour. We expanded the AnT concept to a biophysical construct in the four conventional swimming techniques. Seventy-two elite swimmers performed a 5×200 m incremental protocol in their preferred swimming technique (with a 0.05 m·s-1 increase and a 30 s interval between steps). A capillary blood samples were collected from the fingertip and stroke rate (SR) and length (SL) determined for the assessment of [La], SR and SL vs. velocity inflexion points (using the interception of a pair of linear and exponential regression curves). The [La] values at the AnT were 3.3±1.0, 3.9±1.1, 2.9±1 .34 and 4.5±1.4 mmol·l-1 (mean±SD) for front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, and its corresponding velocity correlated highly with those at SR and SL inflection points (r=0.91-0.99, p<0.001). The agreement analyses confirmed that AnT represents a biophysical boundary in the four competitive swimming techniques and can be determined individually using [La] and/or SR/SL. Blood lactate increase speed can help characterise swimmers' anaerobic behaviour after AnT and between competitive swimming techniques. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://ubibliorum.ubi.pt/bitstreams/9aa50ff1-bbdb-41ce-b1f4-e713da57f719/download |
| funding.funder.alternateName_str_mv | FCT FCT |
| funding.funder.identifier_str_mv | http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 |
| funding.funder.name_str_mv | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| funding.identifier_str_mv | SFRH/BD/138876/2018 UID/DTP/04045/2019 |
| funding.name_str_mv | POR_NORTE 6817 - DCRRNI ID |
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| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9194 |
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| institution | Universidade da Beira Interior |
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| language | eng |
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| person_str_mv | Carvalho, Diogo Duarte Carvalho, Diogo Duarte https://www.ciencia-id.pt/7A1F-8EA4-409C 7A1F-8EA4-409C http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-5614 0000-0001-8871-5614 Soares, Susana Soares, Susana https://www.ciencia-id.pt/C118-BA75-9A73 C118-BA75-9A73 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-8181 0000-0002-8313-8181 Zacca, R Zacca, R https://www.ciencia-id.pt/4116-A8F9-505C 4116-A8F9-505C http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-0000 0000-0003-0494-0000 Sousa, João Marinho, Daniel Marinho, Daniel https://www.ciencia-id.pt/471B-F3CC-479A 471B-F3CC-479A http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-3047 0000-0003-2351-3047 Silva, António Silva, António https://www.ciencia-id.pt/8C15-83CB-5566 8C15-83CB-5566 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-5116 0000-0001-5790-5116 Vilas Boas, J. Paulo Vilas Boas, J. Paulo https://www.ciencia-id.pt/0D18-D46F-09A1 0D18-D46F-09A1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-2939 0000-0002-4109-2939 Fernandes, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Ricardo J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5811-0443 0000-0002-5811-0443 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| reponame_str | uBibliorum |
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| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:ubibliorum |
| spelling | engpt_PTThe anaerobic threshold (AnT) seems to be not only a physiologic boundary but also a transition after which swimmers technique changes, modifying their biomechanical behaviour. We expanded the AnT concept to a biophysical construct in the four conventional swimming techniques. Seventy-two elite swimmers performed a 5×200 m incremental protocol in their preferred swimming technique (with a 0.05 m·s-1 increase and a 30 s interval between steps). A capillary blood samples were collected from the fingertip and stroke rate (SR) and length (SL) determined for the assessment of [La], SR and SL vs. velocity inflexion points (using the interception of a pair of linear and exponential regression curves). The [La] values at the AnT were 3.3±1.0, 3.9±1.1, 2.9±1 .34 and 4.5±1.4 mmol·l-1 (mean±SD) for front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, and its corresponding velocity correlated highly with those at SR and SL inflection points (r=0.91-0.99, p<0.001). The agreement analyses confirmed that AnT represents a biophysical boundary in the four competitive swimming techniques and can be determined individually using [La] and/or SR/SL. Blood lactate increase speed can help characterise swimmers' anaerobic behaviour after AnT and between competitive swimming techniques.application/pdfpt_PTAnaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming TechniquesPersonalCarvalho, Diogo DuarteDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/1d23f69b-c889-4f60-bfce-462548d6014cDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/1d23f69b-c889-4f60-bfce-462548d6014cDuarte CarvalhoDiogo AntónioCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt7A1F-8EA4-409CORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0001-8871-5614Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com57212341663PersonalSoares, SusanaDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/82983d77-fb5d-483a-a62d-9ff46d8f6347DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/82983d77-fb5d-483a-a62d-9ff46d8f6347SoaresSusanaCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.ptC118-BA75-9A73ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-8313-8181PersonalZacca, RDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/5cac3f9b-16a2-4bf4-bd9d-0434c64ac862DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/5cac3f9b-16a2-4bf4-bd9d-0434c64ac862ZaccaRodrigoCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt4116-A8F9-505CORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-0494-0000Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com35800369300Sousa, JoãoPersonalMarinho, DanielDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/1b7a1cda-cf15-4686-bb08-1ac47b66b314DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/1b7a1cda-cf15-4686-bb08-1ac47b66b314MarinhoDanielCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt471B-F3CC-479AORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-2351-3047Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com15022568500PersonalSilva, AntónioDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/f83dec25-3fd3-4490-843d-805a431ee258DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/f83dec25-3fd3-4490-843d-805a431ee258SilvaAntónioCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt8C15-83CB-5566ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0001-5790-5116Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com13410238400Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com56553599600PersonalVilas Boas, J. PauloDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/66d9e3f3-ab73-45ef-b401-571284df3553DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/66d9e3f3-ab73-45ef-b401-571284df3553Vilas-BoasJ. PauloCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt0D18-D46F-09A1ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-4109-2939Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com26424846800PersonalFernandes, Ricardo J.DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/e2a64a7b-a6b0-434a-b3d7-72f41b9f3866DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/e2a64a7b-a6b0-434a-b3d7-72f41b9f3866FernandesRicardo J.ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-5811-0443HostingInstitutionOrganizationaluBibliorume-mailmailto:noreplyuBibliorum@ubi.ptnoreplyuBibliorum@ubi.ptDOIIsPartOf10.1055/a-0975-95322020-02-10T16:45:38Z20202020-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9194http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessPhysiologyBiomechanicsBiophysicsAnaerobic thresholdElite swimmers870088 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaBolsa de Doutoramento FCT: Training control and swimmers evaluation during and after Tokyo 2020 Olympic cycle, performance and health concerns [SFRH/BD/138876/2018]info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/SFRH%2FBD%2F138876%2F2018/PTSFRH/BD/138876/2018POR_NORTECrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development [UID/DTP/04045/2019]info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FDTP%2F04045%2F2019/PTUID/DTP/04045/20196817 - DCRRNI IDCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://ubibliorum.ubi.pt/bitstreams/9aa50ff1-bbdb-41ce-b1f4-e713da57f719/downloadInternational Journal of Sports Medicine |
| spellingShingle | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques Carvalho, Diogo Duarte Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| title | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| title_full | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| title_short | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| title_sort | Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming Techniques |
| topic | Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| topic_facet | Physiology Biomechanics Biophysics Anaerobic threshold Elite swimmers |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9194 |
| visible | 1 |