Publicação
Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades
| Resumo: | In this work, a fiber optic sensor configuration is proposed for integration into composites, intended for application in wind turbine blades. The proposed sensor consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensor in series with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to monitor the curing and structural health of composites. The FPI sensors were manufactured with different cavity lengths and using different capillary tubes to study the influence of these variables on their spectral response. All sensors were characterized for the parameters of interest, temperature, and strain. The FBG sensors exhibited sensitivity values between (9.76 ± 0.05) pm/°C and (10.94 ± 0.01) pm/°C for temperature, and between (1.19 ± 0.02) pm/µε and (1.30 ± 0.02) pm/µε for strain, which is in accordance with literature. The FPI sensors showed negligible sensitivity values for temperature, in general below 1 pm/°C. Regarding strain, a trend was observed that relates increasing sensitivity to decreasing cavity size and the use of capillary tubes with larger internal diameters. Four of the fabricated sensors were embedded in a six-layer glass fiber composite. The sensors successfully monitored the temperature and strain profile during the curing process. In addition, the temperature and tensile tests to which the composite was subjected demonstrated the functionality of these sensors after embedment Later, nine sensors were fabricated and embedded in a second composite with thirty layers. The sensors were placed at three different levels inside the composite to allow monitoring at various depths. The results of the curing process showed that the temperature reached higher values in the central area of the composite and that strain dominates in the center of the lower layers. A sensor response to the temperature test similar to that of the sensors embedded in the first composite was obtained. On the other hand, the four-point flexural tests proved that these sensors can determine the direction of the curvature of the structure. The proposed sensors proved to be a viable solution for cure monitoring and structural analysis of composites and are a starting point in the real time monitoring of wind turbine blades. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos |
| Assunto: | Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| Ano: | 2025 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso embargado |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Aveiro |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RIA - Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro |
| _version_ | 1877769511476658176 |
|---|---|
| author | Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos |
| author_facet | Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos |
| author_role | author |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos\"}] |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2025-12-12T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2027-12-12T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2027-12-12T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2025-12-12T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2027-12-12T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2027-12-12T00:00:00Z |
| dc.description.none.fl_str_mv | Neste trabalho, é proposta uma configuração de sensores em fibra ótica para integração em compósitos, destinados à aplicação em pás de turbinas eólicas. O sensor proposto consiste num interferómetro de Fabry-Perot (FPI, do inglês Fabry-Perot interferometer) em série com uma rede de Bragg em fibra (FBG, do inglês fiber Bragg grating) para monitorizar a cura e a saúde estrutural de compósitos. Os sensores FPI foram fabricados com diferentes tamanhos de cavidade e com recurso a diferentes tubos capilares de modo a estudar a influência destas variáveis na sua resposta espetral. Todos os sensores foram caracterizados aos parâmetros de interesse, temperatura e deformação. Os sensores FBG apresentaram valores de sensibilidade entre (9,76 ± 0,05) pm/°C e (10,94 ± 0,01) pm/°C para a temperatura, e entre (1,19 ± 0,02) pm/µε e (1,30 ± 0,01) pm/µε para a deformação, estando de acordo com o reportado na literatura. Os sensores FPI apresentaram valores de sensibilidade negligenciáveis para a temperatura, sendo a maioria inferior a 1 pm/°C. Quanto à deformação, foi observado um padrão que relaciona o aumento da sensibilidade com a diminuição do tamanho da cavidade e com o uso de tubos capilares com maiores diâmetros internos. Quatro dos sensores fabricados foram embebidos num compósito de seis camadas de fibra de vidro. Os sensores monitorizaram com sucesso o perfil de temperatura e de deformação durante o processo de cura. Além disso, os testes de temperatura e tensão a que o compósito foi submetido demonstraram a funcionalidade destes sensores depois de embebidos. Numa fase posterior, nove sensores foram fabricados e embebidos num segundo compósito de trinta camadas. Os sensores foram colocados em três níveis diferentes do compósito de modo a permitir a monitorização em diversas profundidades. Os resultados do processo de cura permitiram concluir que a temperatura atingiu valores mais elevados na zona central do compósito e que a deformação domina no centro das camadas inferiores. Obteve-se uma resposta dos sensores ao teste de temperatura semelhante à dos embebidos no primeiro compósito. Por outro lado, os testes de flexão em quatro pontos provaram que estes sensores conseguem determinar a direção da curvatura da estrutura. Os sensores propostos revelaram-se viáveis para a monitorização da cura e análise estrutural de compósitos e são um ponto de partida para a monitorização em tempo real de pás de turbinas eólicas. |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/47536 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc |
| description | In this work, a fiber optic sensor configuration is proposed for integration into composites, intended for application in wind turbine blades. The proposed sensor consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensor in series with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to monitor the curing and structural health of composites. The FPI sensors were manufactured with different cavity lengths and using different capillary tubes to study the influence of these variables on their spectral response. All sensors were characterized for the parameters of interest, temperature, and strain. The FBG sensors exhibited sensitivity values between (9.76 ± 0.05) pm/°C and (10.94 ± 0.01) pm/°C for temperature, and between (1.19 ± 0.02) pm/µε and (1.30 ± 0.02) pm/µε for strain, which is in accordance with literature. The FPI sensors showed negligible sensitivity values for temperature, in general below 1 pm/°C. Regarding strain, a trend was observed that relates increasing sensitivity to decreasing cavity size and the use of capillary tubes with larger internal diameters. Four of the fabricated sensors were embedded in a six-layer glass fiber composite. The sensors successfully monitored the temperature and strain profile during the curing process. In addition, the temperature and tensile tests to which the composite was subjected demonstrated the functionality of these sensors after embedment Later, nine sensors were fabricated and embedded in a second composite with thirty layers. The sensors were placed at three different levels inside the composite to allow monitoring at various depths. The results of the curing process showed that the temperature reached higher values in the central area of the composite and that strain dominates in the center of the lower layers. A sensor response to the temperature test similar to that of the sensors embedded in the first composite was obtained. On the other hand, the four-point flexural tests proved that these sensors can determine the direction of the curvature of the structure. The proposed sensors proved to be a viable solution for cure monitoring and structural analysis of composites and are a starting point in the real time monitoring of wind turbine blades. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | embargoedAccess |
| format | masterThesis |
| id | ria_d1b9b1184864baaf794656f2373c8eea |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/47536 |
| inst_facet_str | urn:organizationAcronym:ua{{{_:::_}}}Universidade de Aveiro |
| instacron_str | ua |
| institution | Universidade de Aveiro |
| instname_str | Universidade de Aveiro |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | ria |
| network_name_str | RIA - Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:ria.ua.pt:10773/47536 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ua |
| person_str_mv | Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repo_facet_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ria{{{_:::_}}}RIA - Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro |
| reponame_str | RIA - Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ria |
| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:ria |
| spelling | pt_PTIn this work, a fiber optic sensor configuration is proposed for integration into composites, intended for application in wind turbine blades. The proposed sensor consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensor in series with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to monitor the curing and structural health of composites. The FPI sensors were manufactured with different cavity lengths and using different capillary tubes to study the influence of these variables on their spectral response. All sensors were characterized for the parameters of interest, temperature, and strain. The FBG sensors exhibited sensitivity values between (9.76 ± 0.05) pm/°C and (10.94 ± 0.01) pm/°C for temperature, and between (1.19 ± 0.02) pm/µε and (1.30 ± 0.02) pm/µε for strain, which is in accordance with literature. The FPI sensors showed negligible sensitivity values for temperature, in general below 1 pm/°C. Regarding strain, a trend was observed that relates increasing sensitivity to decreasing cavity size and the use of capillary tubes with larger internal diameters. Four of the fabricated sensors were embedded in a six-layer glass fiber composite. The sensors successfully monitored the temperature and strain profile during the curing process. In addition, the temperature and tensile tests to which the composite was subjected demonstrated the functionality of these sensors after embedment Later, nine sensors were fabricated and embedded in a second composite with thirty layers. The sensors were placed at three different levels inside the composite to allow monitoring at various depths. The results of the curing process showed that the temperature reached higher values in the central area of the composite and that strain dominates in the center of the lower layers. A sensor response to the temperature test similar to that of the sensors embedded in the first composite was obtained. On the other hand, the four-point flexural tests proved that these sensors can determine the direction of the curvature of the structure. The proposed sensors proved to be a viable solution for cure monitoring and structural analysis of composites and are a starting point in the real time monitoring of wind turbine blades.pt_PTNeste trabalho, é proposta uma configuração de sensores em fibra ótica para integração em compósitos, destinados à aplicação em pás de turbinas eólicas. O sensor proposto consiste num interferómetro de Fabry-Perot (FPI, do inglês Fabry-Perot interferometer) em série com uma rede de Bragg em fibra (FBG, do inglês fiber Bragg grating) para monitorizar a cura e a saúde estrutural de compósitos. Os sensores FPI foram fabricados com diferentes tamanhos de cavidade e com recurso a diferentes tubos capilares de modo a estudar a influência destas variáveis na sua resposta espetral. Todos os sensores foram caracterizados aos parâmetros de interesse, temperatura e deformação. Os sensores FBG apresentaram valores de sensibilidade entre (9,76 ± 0,05) pm/°C e (10,94 ± 0,01) pm/°C para a temperatura, e entre (1,19 ± 0,02) pm/µε e (1,30 ± 0,01) pm/µε para a deformação, estando de acordo com o reportado na literatura. Os sensores FPI apresentaram valores de sensibilidade negligenciáveis para a temperatura, sendo a maioria inferior a 1 pm/°C. Quanto à deformação, foi observado um padrão que relaciona o aumento da sensibilidade com a diminuição do tamanho da cavidade e com o uso de tubos capilares com maiores diâmetros internos. Quatro dos sensores fabricados foram embebidos num compósito de seis camadas de fibra de vidro. Os sensores monitorizaram com sucesso o perfil de temperatura e de deformação durante o processo de cura. Além disso, os testes de temperatura e tensão a que o compósito foi submetido demonstraram a funcionalidade destes sensores depois de embebidos. Numa fase posterior, nove sensores foram fabricados e embebidos num segundo compósito de trinta camadas. Os sensores foram colocados em três níveis diferentes do compósito de modo a permitir a monitorização em diversas profundidades. Os resultados do processo de cura permitiram concluir que a temperatura atingiu valores mais elevados na zona central do compósito e que a deformação domina no centro das camadas inferiores. Obteve-se uma resposta dos sensores ao teste de temperatura semelhante à dos embebidos no primeiro compósito. Por outro lado, os testes de flexão em quatro pontos provaram que estes sensores conseguem determinar a direção da curvatura da estrutura. Os sensores propostos revelaram-se viáveis para a monitorização da cura e análise estrutural de compósitos e são um ponto de partida para a monitorização em tempo real de pás de turbinas eólicas.application/pdfengpt_PTOptical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine bladesFerreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de CamposHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/475362027-12-12T00:00:00Z2025-12-12T00:00:00Z2025-12-12http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfembargoed accesspt_PTWind turbinept_PTOptical fiberpt_PTCompositept_PTCurept_PTStructural health1959707 byteshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfapplication/pdffulltexthttps://ria.ua.pt/bitstream/10773/47536/1/Documento_Laura_Ferreira.pdfother research producthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccmaster thesis |
| spellingShingle | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades Ferreira, Laura Gomes Moleiro de Campos Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| title | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| title_full | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| title_fullStr | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| title_short | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| title_sort | Optical fiber sensors for cure and structural health monitoring of composites for wind turbine blades |
| topic | Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| topic_facet | Wind turbine Optical fiber Composite Cure Structural health |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/47536 |
| visible | 1 |
Atividades financiadas
Não foram encontrados projetos financiados.