Publicação
Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal
| Resumo: | The goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Carvalho, Irene P. |
| Outros Autores: | Peixoto, Bruno; Caldas, José Carlos; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Moreira, Bárbara; Almeida, Agostinho; Moreira-Rosário, André; Guerra, António; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Sintra, Diana; Pestana, Diogo; Pinto, Edgar; Mendes, Francisca Castro; Martins, Inês; Leite, João Costa; Fontoura, Manuel; Maia, Maria Luz; Queirós, Pedro; Moreira, Roxana; Leal, Sandra; Norberto, Sónia; Costa, Vera; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Keating, Elisa; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, Conceição |
| Assunto: | Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| Ano: | 2022 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Instituto Politécnico do Porto |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto |
| _version_ | 1877953163817910272 |
|---|---|
| author | Carvalho, Irene P. |
| author2 | Peixoto, Bruno Caldas, José Carlos Costa, Ana Silva, Sofia Moreira, Bárbara Almeida, Agostinho Moreira-Rosário, André Guerra, António Delerue-Matos, Cristina Sintra, Diana Pestana, Diogo Pinto, Edgar Mendes, Francisca Castro Martins, Inês Leite, João Costa Fontoura, Manuel Maia, Maria Luz Queirós, Pedro Moreira, Roxana Leal, Sandra Norberto, Sónia Costa, Vera Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz Keating, Elisa Azevedo, Luís Calhau, Conceição |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Carvalho, Irene P. Peixoto, Bruno Caldas, José Carlos Costa, Ana Silva, Sofia Moreira, Bárbara Almeida, Agostinho Moreira-Rosário, André Guerra, António Delerue-Matos, Cristina Sintra, Diana Pestana, Diogo Pinto, Edgar Mendes, Francisca Castro Martins, Inês Leite, João Costa Fontoura, Manuel Maia, Maria Luz Queirós, Pedro Moreira, Roxana Leal, Sandra Norberto, Sónia Costa, Vera Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz Keating, Elisa Azevedo, Luís Calhau, Conceição |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | REPOSITÓRIO P.PORTO |
| country_str | PT |
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| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Carvalho, Irene P. Peixoto, Bruno Caldas, José Carlos Costa, Ana Silva, Sofia Moreira, Bárbara Almeida, Agostinho Moreira-Rosário, André Guerra, António Delerue-Matos, Cristina Sintra, Diana Pestana, Diogo Pinto, Edgar Mendes, Francisca Castro Martins, Inês Leite, João Costa Fontoura, Manuel Maia, Maria Luz Queirós, Pedro Moreira, Roxana Leal, Sandra Norberto, Sónia Costa, Vera Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz Keating, Elisa Azevedo, Luís Calhau, Conceição |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2022-10-26T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2023-01-31T09:07:39Z |
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| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | REPOSITÓRIO P.PORTO |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Carvalho, Irene P. Peixoto, Bruno Caldas, José Carlos Costa, Ana Silva, Sofia Moreira, Bárbara Almeida, Agostinho Moreira-Rosário, André Guerra, António Delerue-Matos, Cristina Sintra, Diana Pestana, Diogo Pinto, Edgar Mendes, Francisca Castro Martins, Inês Leite, João Costa Fontoura, Manuel Maia, Maria Luz Queirós, Pedro Moreira, Roxana Leal, Sandra Norberto, Sónia Costa, Vera Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz Keating, Elisa Azevedo, Luís Calhau, Conceição |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2022-10-26T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2023-01-31T09:07:39Z |
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| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
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| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | The goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation |
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| person_str_mv | Carvalho, Irene P. Peixoto, Bruno Caldas, José Carlos Costa, Ana Silva, Sofia Moreira, Bárbara Almeida, Agostinho Moreira-Rosário, André Guerra, António Delerue-Matos, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Cristina https://www.ciencia-id.pt/9A1A-43FB-5C27 9A1A-43FB-5C27 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-776X 0000-0002-3924-776X Sintra, Diana Pestana, Diogo Pinto, Edgar Mendes, Francisca Castro Martins, Inês Leite, João Costa Fontoura, Manuel Maia, Maria Luz Maia, Maria Luz https://www.ciencia-id.pt/161F-62CC-7A37 161F-62CC-7A37 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-3822 0000-0003-4383-3822 Queirós, Pedro Moreira, Roxana Leal, Sandra Norberto, Sónia Costa, Vera Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz https://www.ciencia-id.pt/5A16-3713-E0CE 5A16-3713-E0CE http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-7523 0000-0003-3979-7523 Keating, Elisa Azevedo, Luís Calhau, Conceição |
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| spelling | engMDPIpt_PTThe goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementationapplication/pdfpt_PTAssociation between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in PortugalCarvalho, Irene P.Peixoto, BrunoCaldas, José CarlosCosta, AnaSilva, SofiaMoreira, BárbaraAlmeida, AgostinhoMoreira-Rosário, AndréGuerra, AntónioPersonalDelerue-Matos, CristinaDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/09f6a7bd-2f15-42b0-adc5-04bd22210519DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/09f6a7bd-2f15-42b0-adc5-04bd22210519Delerue-MatosCristinaCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt9A1A-43FB-5C27ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-3924-776XResearcher IDhttps://www.researcherid.comD-4990-2013Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com6603741848Sintra, DianaPestana, DiogoPinto, EdgarMendes, Francisca CastroMartins, InêsLeite, João CostaFontoura, ManuelPersonalMaia, Maria LuzDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/15a6606a-fb99-4acf-be43-d8e900e2a77aDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/15a6606a-fb99-4acf-be43-d8e900e2a77aGalante MaiaMaria da LuzCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt161F-62CC-7A37ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-4383-3822Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com56436939000Queirós, PedroMoreira, RoxanaLeal, SandraNorberto, SóniaCosta, VeraPersonalFernandes, Virgínia CruzDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/e30d74c3-1a3a-4e3e-ada0-5e79362cdd6eDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/e30d74c3-1a3a-4e3e-ada0-5e79362cdd6eFernandesVirgíniaCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt5A16-3713-E0CEORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-3979-7523Researcher IDhttps://www.researcherid.comG-4985-2010Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com37045954500Keating, ElisaAzevedo, LuísCalhau, ConceiçãoHostingInstitutionOrganizationalREPOSITÓRIO P.PORTOe-mailmailto:recipp@sc.ipp.ptrecipp@sc.ipp.ptDOIIsPartOf10.3390/nu142144932023-01-31T09:07:39Z2022-10-262022-10-26T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22015http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessExcessive iodineCognitionSchool agesIodine-adequate populationRepresentative sample343976 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaSalmon consumption: metabolic and epigenetic risk-benefit considerations in obesityinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/FARH/SFRH%2FBPD%2F109158%2F2015/PTSFRH/BPD/109158/2015FARHCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaFruitec-Modern analytical technologies for assess Persistent and Emergent Organic Pollutants in red fruitsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/SFRH%2FBPD%2F109153%2F2015/PTSFRH/BPD/109153/2015POR_NORTECrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processesinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PTUIDB/50006/20206817 - DCRRNI IDCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processesinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50006%2F2020/PTUIDP/50006/20206817 - DCRRNI IDCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article2022-10-26http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://recipp.ipp.pt/bitstreams/92e93cda-0690-483d-a55b-19e4efe30507/downloadNutrients14214493 |
| spellingShingle | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal Carvalho, Irene P. Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| title | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| title_full | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| title_fullStr | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| title_short | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| title_sort | Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal |
| topic | Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| topic_facet | Excessive iodine Cognition School ages Iodine-adequate population Representative sample |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22015 |
| visible | 1 |