Publicação
Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers
| Resumo: | Ginkgo biloba is one of the most consumed medicinal plants and broadly included as an ingredient in plant food supplements (PFS) and herbal infusions, being potential targets for economically motivated adulteration. This work aimed at comparing the use of DNA and phytochemical markers to authenticate the botanical origin of ginkgo-leaf extracts and PFS. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect ginkgo DNA, while ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) determined its main phytochemicals (terpene lactones and flavonol aglycones). DNA was detected in all ginkgo leaf extracts, mainly water, while the highest levels of phytochemicals were obtained using ethanol or acetone as solvents. The results suggested that 4 out of a total of 19 PFS samples were adulterated, with two samples evidencing the addition of quercetin from sources other than ginkgo. The other two samples showed low amounts of ginkgo phytochemicals, which was corroborated by low DNA content, suggesting the use of reduced amounts of G. biloba leaf material. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Grazina, Liliana |
| Outros Autores: | Paíga, Paula; Amaral, Joana S.; Costa, Joana; Moreira, Manuela M.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Mafra, Isabel |
| Assunto: | Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| Ano: | 2025 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade Politécnica de Bragança |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| _version_ | 1877782725478318080 |
|---|---|
| author | Grazina, Liliana |
| author2 | Paíga, Paula Amaral, Joana S. Costa, Joana Moreira, Manuela M. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Mafra, Isabel |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Grazina, Liliana Paíga, Paula Amaral, Joana S. Costa, Joana Moreira, Manuela M. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Mafra, Isabel |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Grazina, Liliana\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Paíga, Paula\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Amaral, Joana S.\",\"Person.identifier.cienciaID\":\"5319-7DE8-BEDA\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-3648-7303\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Costa, Joana\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Moreira, Manuela M.\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Delerue-Matos, Cristina\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Mafra, Isabel\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Grazina, Liliana Paíga, Paula Amaral, Joana S. Costa, Joana Moreira, Manuela M. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Mafra, Isabel |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-06T09:09:00Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-06T09:09:00Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Grazina, Liliana Paíga, Paula Amaral, Joana S. Costa, Joana Moreira, Manuela M. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Mafra, Isabel |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-06T09:09:00Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-06T09:09:00Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34970 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.rights.cclincense.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | Ginkgo biloba is one of the most consumed medicinal plants and broadly included as an ingredient in plant food supplements (PFS) and herbal infusions, being potential targets for economically motivated adulteration. This work aimed at comparing the use of DNA and phytochemical markers to authenticate the botanical origin of ginkgo-leaf extracts and PFS. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect ginkgo DNA, while ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) determined its main phytochemicals (terpene lactones and flavonol aglycones). DNA was detected in all ginkgo leaf extracts, mainly water, while the highest levels of phytochemicals were obtained using ethanol or acetone as solvents. The results suggested that 4 out of a total of 19 PFS samples were adulterated, with two samples evidencing the addition of quercetin from sources other than ginkgo. The other two samples showed low amounts of ginkgo phytochemicals, which was corroborated by low DNA content, suggesting the use of reduced amounts of G. biloba leaf material. |
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| format | article |
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| person_str_mv | Grazina, Liliana Paíga, Paula Amaral, Joana S. Amaral, Joana S. https://www.ciencia-id.pt/5319-7DE8-BEDA 5319-7DE8-BEDA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3648-7303 0000-0002-3648-7303 Costa, Joana Moreira, Manuela M. Delerue-Matos, Cristina Mafra, Isabel |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
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| spelling | engMDPIengGinkgo biloba is one of the most consumed medicinal plants and broadly included as an ingredient in plant food supplements (PFS) and herbal infusions, being potential targets for economically motivated adulteration. This work aimed at comparing the use of DNA and phytochemical markers to authenticate the botanical origin of ginkgo-leaf extracts and PFS. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect ginkgo DNA, while ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) determined its main phytochemicals (terpene lactones and flavonol aglycones). DNA was detected in all ginkgo leaf extracts, mainly water, while the highest levels of phytochemicals were obtained using ethanol or acetone as solvents. The results suggested that 4 out of a total of 19 PFS samples were adulterated, with two samples evidencing the addition of quercetin from sources other than ginkgo. The other two samples showed low amounts of ginkgo phytochemicals, which was corroborated by low DNA content, suggesting the use of reduced amounts of G. biloba leaf material.application/pdfengTowards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic MarkersGrazina, LilianaPaíga, PaulaPersonalAmaral, Joana S.DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/42be2cf4-adc4-4e7f-ac60-7aab515b38cdDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/42be2cf4-adc4-4e7f-ac60-7aab515b38cdAmaralJoana S.Ciência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt5319-7DE8-BEDAORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-3648-7303Costa, JoanaMoreira, Manuela M.Delerue-Matos, CristinaMafra, IsabelHostingInstitutionOrganizationalBiblioteca Digital da UPBe-mailmailto:dspace@unipb.ptdspace@unipb.ptISSNIsPartOf2304-8158DOIIsPartOf10.3390/foods141731112025-11-06T09:09:00Z20252025-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34970http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessGinkgo bilobaPlant food supplementsLeaf extractsReal-time PCRLC-MSAuthenticity892774 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaPOIROT - Novel methods and approaches for detecting the illegal addition of Pharmaceutical drugs and bOtanIcal adulteRatiOn in planT food supplementsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos IC&DT em Todos os Domínios Científicos/PTDC%2FSAU-PUB%2F3803%2F2021/PTPTDC/SAU-PUB/3803/2021Concurso de Projetos IC&DT em Todos os Domínios CientíficosCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processesinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50006%2F2020/PTUIDP/50006/20206817 - DCRRNI IDCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaMountain Research Center - UIDP/00690/2020info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PTUIDP/00690/20206817 - DCRRNI IDCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions - LA/P/0007/2020info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PTLA/P/0007/20206817 - DCRRNI IDCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaSafety of Plant Food Supplements: advanced genomic and chemical approaches to assess botanical origin, illegal drugs and contaminantsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//SFRH%2FBD%2F132462%2F2017/PTSFRH/BD/132462/2017Crossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article2025http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://bibliotecadigital.unipb.pt/bitstreams/9d88a840-e5c2-45bc-b0a6-9bd618c53e7e/downloadFoods1417 |
| spellingShingle | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers Grazina, Liliana Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| title | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| title_full | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| title_fullStr | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| title_short | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| title_sort | Towards Botanical Authentication of Ginkgo Food Supplements: A Holistic Approach Based on Phytochemical and Genomic Markers |
| topic | Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| topic_facet | Ginkgo biloba Plant food supplements Leaf extracts Real-time PCR LC-MS Authenticity |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34970 |
| visible | 1 |