Publicação
Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review
| Resumo: | This study aimed to synthesise the body of knowledge on kinematics, active drag and energetics determinants of energy cost variability in the breaststroke technique. Methodological procedures considering the standards for systematic reviews according to the ‘“Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses”’ were employed. Searches were conducted in four prominent databases. A total of 1,464 articles were identified, of which 201 met the eligibility criteria. After evaluation, 73 articles were included for synthesis in this review. The included studies had a mean score (± SD) of 9.14 ± 1.76 points regarding the quality assessment. The present review identified three distinct domains of variables: kinematics (including stroke kinematics and coordination parameters), active drag, and energetics. The findings underscored the pivotal role of stroke kinematics, including stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index, and intra-cyclic variations of velocity, in influencing energy cost during breaststroke swimming. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the significance of propulsive and non-propulsive phases, arm-to-leg timing, and buoyancy in breaststroke technique. Notably, breaststroke exhibited higher values of active drag, frontal area, and energy cost, while maintaining lower velocity compared to other swimming techniques. Overall, this synthesis of literature highlights the holistic nature of energy cost in breaststroke swimming. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Alves, Miriam |
| Outros Autores: | Barbosa, Tiago M.; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
| Assunto: | Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade Politécnica de Bragança |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| _version_ | 1877782912916520960 |
|---|---|
| author | Alves, Miriam |
| author2 | Barbosa, Tiago M. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Alves, Miriam Barbosa, Tiago M. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Alves, Miriam\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Barbosa, Tiago M.\",\"Person.identifier.cienciaID\":\"8B11-BDC4-F6FF\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0001-7071-2116\",\"Person.identifier.scopusAuthorID\":\"10044856400\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Vilas-Boas, João Paulo\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Alves, Miriam Barbosa, Tiago M. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-07T11:58:50Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-07T11:58:50Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Alves, Miriam Barbosa, Tiago M. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-07T11:58:50Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-07T11:58:50Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34990 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Taylor & Francis |
| dc.rights.cclincense.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | This study aimed to synthesise the body of knowledge on kinematics, active drag and energetics determinants of energy cost variability in the breaststroke technique. Methodological procedures considering the standards for systematic reviews according to the ‘“Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses”’ were employed. Searches were conducted in four prominent databases. A total of 1,464 articles were identified, of which 201 met the eligibility criteria. After evaluation, 73 articles were included for synthesis in this review. The included studies had a mean score (± SD) of 9.14 ± 1.76 points regarding the quality assessment. The present review identified three distinct domains of variables: kinematics (including stroke kinematics and coordination parameters), active drag, and energetics. The findings underscored the pivotal role of stroke kinematics, including stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index, and intra-cyclic variations of velocity, in influencing energy cost during breaststroke swimming. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the significance of propulsive and non-propulsive phases, arm-to-leg timing, and buoyancy in breaststroke technique. Notably, breaststroke exhibited higher values of active drag, frontal area, and energy cost, while maintaining lower velocity compared to other swimming techniques. Overall, this synthesis of literature highlights the holistic nature of energy cost in breaststroke swimming. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://bibliotecadigital.unipb.pt/bitstreams/d5b7b487-3e94-4489-a142-75725bf26600/download |
| funder_facet_str_mv | FCT{{{_:::_}}}Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| funding.funder.alternateName_str_mv | FCT |
| funding.funder.identifier_str_mv | http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 |
| funding.funder.name_str_mv | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| funding.identifier_str_mv | 2021.08308.BD |
| funding.name_str_mv | POR_NORTE |
| funding_str_mv | 2021.08308.BD info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/2021.08308.BD/PT |
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| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34990 |
| inst_facet_str | urn:organizationAcronym:unipb{{{_:::_}}}Universidade Politécnica de Bragança |
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| institution | Universidade Politécnica de Bragança |
| instname_str | Universidade Politécnica de Bragança |
| language | eng |
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| network_name_str | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:bibliotecadigital.unipb.pt:10198/34990 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:unipb |
| person_str_mv | Alves, Miriam Barbosa, Tiago M. Barbosa, Tiago M. https://www.ciencia-id.pt/8B11-BDC4-F6FF 8B11-BDC4-F6FF http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-2116 0000-0001-7071-2116 Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Taylor & Francis |
| repo_facet_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ipb{{{_:::_}}}Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
| reponame_str | Biblioteca Digital da UPB |
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| spelling | engTaylor & Francispt_PTThis study aimed to synthesise the body of knowledge on kinematics, active drag and energetics determinants of energy cost variability in the breaststroke technique. Methodological procedures considering the standards for systematic reviews according to the ‘“Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses”’ were employed. Searches were conducted in four prominent databases. A total of 1,464 articles were identified, of which 201 met the eligibility criteria. After evaluation, 73 articles were included for synthesis in this review. The included studies had a mean score (± SD) of 9.14 ± 1.76 points regarding the quality assessment. The present review identified three distinct domains of variables: kinematics (including stroke kinematics and coordination parameters), active drag, and energetics. The findings underscored the pivotal role of stroke kinematics, including stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index, and intra-cyclic variations of velocity, in influencing energy cost during breaststroke swimming. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the significance of propulsive and non-propulsive phases, arm-to-leg timing, and buoyancy in breaststroke technique. Notably, breaststroke exhibited higher values of active drag, frontal area, and energy cost, while maintaining lower velocity compared to other swimming techniques. Overall, this synthesis of literature highlights the holistic nature of energy cost in breaststroke swimming.application/pdfpt_PTVariability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic reviewAlves, MiriamPersonalBarbosa, Tiago M.DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/941a6f14-cfba-458a-a2e3-0cbd1846cd42BarbosaTiago M.Ciência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt8B11-BDC4-F6FFORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0001-7071-2116Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com10044856400Vilas-Boas, João PauloHostingInstitutionOrganizationalBiblioteca Digital da UPBe-mailmailto:dspace@unipb.ptdspace@unipb.ptISSNIsPartOf1476-3141DOIIsPartOf10.1080/14763141.2024.24276832025-11-07T11:58:50Z20242024-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34990http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessSwimmingKinematicsCoordinationEnergyExpenditureActive drag1194824 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaEnergetics, kinematics and active drag in the breaststroke swimming technique (2021.08308.BD)info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/2021.08308.BD/PT2021.08308.BDPOR_NORTECrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article2024http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://bibliotecadigital.unipb.pt/bitstreams/d5b7b487-3e94-4489-a142-75725bf26600/downloadSports Biomechanics247141 |
| spellingShingle | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review Alves, Miriam Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| title | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| title_full | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| title_short | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| title_sort | Variability of energy cost in breaststroke technique: a systematic review |
| topic | Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| topic_facet | Swimming Kinematics Coordination Energy Expenditure Active drag |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34990 |
| visible | 1 |