In 2023, a second wave of the global mpox epidemic, which is mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM), was observed in some countries. Herein, we benefited from a large viral sequence sampling (76/121; 63%) and vast epidemiological data to characterise the re-emergence and circulation of the (MPXV) in Portugal during 2023. We also modelled transmission and forecasted public health scenarios through a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model. Our results suggest that the 2023 mpox wave in Portugal resulted from limited introduction(s) of MPXV belonging to C.1.1 sublineage, hypothetically from Asia, followed by sustained viral transmission and potential exportation to other countries. We estimated that the contribution of the MSM high sexual activity group to mpox transmission was 120 (95% CrI: 30-3553) times higher than that of the low sexual activity group. However, among the high sexual activity group, vaccinated individuals likely contributed approximately eight times less [0.123 (95% CrI: 0.068-0.208)] than the unvaccinated ones. Vaccination was also linked to potential reduced disease severity, with a Mpox Severity Score of 6.0 in the vaccinated group compared to 7.0 in unvaccinated individuals. Scenario analysis indicated that transmission is highly sensitive to sexual behaviour, projecting that a slight increase in the MSM sub-population with high sexual activity can trigger new mpox waves. This study strongly supports that continued vaccination, targeted awareness among risk groups and routine genomic epidemiology is needed to anticipate and respond to novel MPXV threats (e.g. global dissemination of clade I viruses).

In 2023, a second wave of the global mpox epidemic, which is mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM), was observed in some countries. Herein, we benefited from a large viral sequence sampling (76/121; 63%) and vast epidemiological data to characterise the re-emergence and circulation of the (MPXV) in Portugal during 2023. We also modelled transmission and forecasted public health scenarios through a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model. Our results suggest that the 2023 mpox wave in Portugal resulted from limited introduction(s) of MPXV belonging to C.1.1 sublineage, hypothetically from Asia, followed by sustained viral transmission and potential exportation to other countries. We estimated that the contribution of the MSM high sexual activity group to mpox transmission was 120 (95% CrI: 30-3553) times higher than that of the low sexual activity group. However, among the high sexual activity group, vaccinated individuals likely contributed approximately eight times less [0.123 (95% CrI: 0.068-0.208)] than the unvaccinated ones. Vaccination was also linked to potential reduced disease severity, with a Mpox Severity Score of 6.0 in the vaccinated group compared to 7.0 in unvaccinated individuals. Scenario analysis indicated that transmission is highly sensitive to sexual behaviour, projecting that a slight increase in the MSM sub-population with high sexual activity can trigger new mpox waves. This study strongly supports that continued vaccination, targeted awareness among risk groups and routine genomic epidemiology is needed to anticipate and respond to novel MPXV threats (e.g. global dissemination of clade I viruses).

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications.

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows j soil mounds j tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal j hair j skulls j jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping j video, (10) predators diet j pellets j pine cones/nuts, (11) scat j track j ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization j echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications.

Educação e Pesquisa agradece aos especialistas abaixo relacionados/as, que colaboraram com a revista no período de out. 2022 a out. 2023. Allan Moreira Xavier Adelar Aparecido Sampaio Ademir Macedo Nascimento Adriana Fischer Adriana Regina Braga Alba García Barrera Alessandra Jacqueline Vieira Alex Bellucco do Carmo Alexandre Barbosa Pereira Alexandre Bortolini Alexandre Saul Alice Maria Corrêa Medina Allan Moreira Xavier Álvaro Pérez García Amelia Cristina Abreu Artes Ana Luisa Teixeira de Menezes Ana Luiza Jesus da Costa Ana Lydia Vasco de Albuquerque Peixoto Ana Paula Berberian André Luiz Correia Gonçalves de Oliveira Andrea Perosa Saigh Jurdi Andrea Soares Wuo Andresa de Souza Ugaya Andressa Mafezoni Caetano Andreza Barbosa Anete Abramowicz Ângela Pereira Teixeira Victoria Palma Ângela Viana Machado Fernandes Antonio de Padua Palacios Rodríguez Antonio Henrique Pinto Antonio Palacios Rodríguez Arlene Ricoldi Arliene Stephanie Menezes Pereira Arlindo da Silva Lourenço Barbara Corominas Valerio Belén González-Laguillo Betânia de Oliveira Laterza Ribeiro Bruno F. Gonçalves Bruno Gawryszewski Bruno Miguel Ferreira Gonçalves Camila Lima Coimbra Carla Guanaes Lorenzi Carlos Alberto Ferreira Carlos Herold Jr Carmen Fontes de Souza Teixeira Carolina Donato da Silva Carolina Mostaro Neves da Silva Carolina Zuccarelli Catarina Tomás Célia Cristina de Figueiredo Cassiano Celia Elizabete Caregnato Célia Maria Haas Celina Aparecida Almeida Pereira Abar Claudemir Belintane Claudete Pagotto Cláudia Cristina do Lago Borges Clóvis Trezzi Cristiane Sander Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani Daniel de Carvalho Lopes Daniel Ríos Muñoz Daniela Aparecida Eufrásio Danila Di Pietro Zambianco Danilo Rothberg Dario Fiorentini David Antonio da Costa Debora Cristina Goulart Débora Maria do Nascimento Décio Gatti Júnior Denise Aparecida Corrêa Denise Grinspum Denise Meyrelles de Jesus Denise Trento Rebello Souza Diana Maria Farias Camero Diana Vidal Diego dos Santos Reis Dirce Djanira Pacheco e Zan Dislane Zerbinatti Moraes Edison Trombeta de Oliveira Edivaldo Góis Junior Eduardo Perioli Junior Elias Evangelista Gomes Elias Manuel Said Hung Élida Lopes Miranda Elmir de Almeida Émerson de Pietri Ermelinda Moutinho Pataca Ernesto Colomo Magaña Evandro Salvador Alves de Oliveira Evelise Maria Labatut Portilho Fabiana A. Jardim Fábio Araujo de Souza Fábio Hoffmann Pereira Fátima Niemeyer da Rocha Felipe de Souza Tarábola Fernanda Rossi Fernando Cezar Vieira Malange Fernando Luiz Zanetti Fernando Rodrigues de Oliveira Filipe Rafael Gracioli Flavio Alex de Oliveira Carvalhaes Francisco David Guillén Gámez Francisco José Carvalho Mazzeu Francisco José Figueiredo Coelho Gabriela Medeiros Nogueira Gabriela Schneider Geraldo Magela Pereira Leão Gisele Adriana Maciel Pereira Gisele Toassa Gislene Moreira Graça Regina Franco da Silva Reis Gustavo de Oliveira Figueiredo Gustavo Henrique Moraes Harlon Romariz Helena Altmann Helena Maria Barroso Carvalho Heloísa Helena Pimenta Rocha Heloisa Salles Gentil Herman Fialho Fumiã Hugo Heredia Ponce Iris Orosia Campos Bandrés Isabel Porto Filgueiras Isabela Bilecki da Cunha Isaurora Cláudia Martins de Freitas Jaison Marques Luiz Javier Muñoz Jerusa Vilhena de Moraes João Henrique da Silva João Luiz Horta Neto José Alves da Silva José Ricardo de Carvalho Mesquita Ayres Juliana Batista dos Reis Juliana de Souza Silva Juliana Ribeiro De Vargas Jussara Santos Pimenta Karina Soledad Maldonado Molina Karla Raphaella Costa Pereira Katiuscia C. vargas Antunes Kelly Ludkiewicz Alves Kimi Tomizaki Ladislau Ribeiro do Nascimento Lais Donida Leandro R. Pinheiro Léia Teixeira Lacerda Leila Maria Inoue Leila Pio Mororó Leonardo da Silveira Borne Leonir Lorenzetti Leonor Torres Lisângela Kati do Nascimento Lorena Marina dos Santos Miguel Luana Motta Lucelida de Fatima Maia da Costa Lucia Pereira Leite Luciana Massi Luciane Fernandes de Goes Lucila Pesce Lucy Leal Melo-Silva Ludmila Oliveira Holanda Cavalcante Luis Jacob Lygia de Sousa Viegas Manoel Oriosvaldo de Moura Manuel Francisco Romero Oliva Marcela Jarpa Azagra Marcele Frossard Marcelo Augusto Totti Marcelo El Khouri Buzato Marcelo Moreira Antunes Marcelo Rodrigues Conceicao Marcia Angela da Silva Aguiar Márcia Aparecida Jacomini Márcio Magalhães Fontoura Marco Antonio Bueno Filho Marcos Vinicius Francisco Marcus Vinicius da Cunha Margarida Belchior Margarida Belchior Maria Angela Borges Salvadori Maria Antônia de Souza Maria Aparecida Bergamaschi María Armario Bernal Maria da Glória Calado Maria da Graça Jacintho Setton Maria de Fátima Almeida Martins Maria de Fátima Barbosa Abdalla Maria de Lourdes Haywanon Santos Araujo Maria do Horto Salles Tiellet Maria Eugênia L.M. Castanho Maria Goreti Amboni Stadtlober Maria Letícia B. P. Nascimento Maria Margarida Pereira de Lima Gomes Marian Ávila de Lima e Dias Marilia Pontes Esposito Marina Avelar Marina Cyrino Marina Jorge da Silva Marina Salles Leite Lombardi Maritânia Salete Salvi Rafagnin Marta Gouveia de Oliveira Rovai Martha Marandino Matheus Monteiro Nascimento Maurício Perondi Messias Furtado da Silva Michela Tuchapesk da Silva Milton Rosa Miriam Viviane Baron MIryam Bonadiu Pelosi Mônica Cristina Garbin Mônica Dias Peregrino Ferreira Monica Ribeiro da Silva Nádia Maciel Falcão Natália de Lacerda Gil Neide Luzia de Rezende Neli Maria Mengalli Newton Dângelo Nilson Rogério da Silva Núbio Delanne Ferraz Mafra Nuno Dorotea Olivia Morais de Medeiros Neta Patricia da Silva Sessa Patrício Carneiro Araújo Pauline Vielmo Miranda Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Carrano Paulo Henrique Fernandes Silveira Paulo Lima Junior Paulo Sérgio Garcia Pedro Roberto Jacobi Pedro Xavier Russo Bonetto Priscila Benitez Priscila Keiko Cossual Sakurada Rafael Cava Mori Raimunda Abou Gebran Raquel de Oliveira Mendes Raquel Milani Regiane Helena Bertagna Regina Cândida Ellero Gualtieri Regina Helena Silva Simões Régis Henrique dos Reis Silva Relma Urel Carbone Carneiro Renato Pontes Costa Ricardo Boklis Golbspan Ricardo Gonçalves Severo Rita de Cassia Gallego Roberto da Silva Rodrigo Diego de Souza Rogério Diniz Junqueira Rogério Lessa Horta Rogério Rodrigues Romero Tori Rosa Fátima de Souza-Chaloba Rosa Maria Bueno Fischer Rosana Louro Ferreira Ssilva Rosângela Malachias Roseane Andrelo Rui Pedro Campos Bento Barros Candeias Samuel Mendonça Sandoval Nonato Gomes Santos Sandra Unbehaum Sauloeber Tarsio De Souza Sebastião Jacinto dos Santos Selma Garrido Pimenta Sérgio Paulino Abranches Shirlei Rezende Sales Shirley de Lima Ferreira Arantes Silvania Sousa do Nascimento Silvio Ricardo Gomes Carneiro Sonia García-Segura Sonia Maria da Silva Junqueira Sonia Maria Guedes Gondim Stefannie de Sá Ibraim Sueli Fanizzi Sueli Guadelupe de Lima Mendonça Suerde Miranda de Oliveira Brito Tânia Guedes Magalhães Tanya Amara Felipe de Souza Tatiana Bolivar Lebedeff Tatiane de Freitas Ermel Terciane Ângela Luchese Thaís Cristina Rodrigues Tezani Thiago dos Santos Molina Vanessa Teixeira Pipinis Verónica A. Quintanilla Batallanos Victor Hugo Nedel Oliveira Vilson José Leffa Vitor Sérgio Ferreira Viviane Briccia Viviane Potenza Guimarães Pinheiro Wagner Teixeira Dias Zaqueu Vieira Oliveira Zena Eisenberg

Abstract The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.