Abstract We report an unusual case of a 65-year old patient that developed localized bilateral Descemet membrane detachment during non-simultaneous femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). The detachment occurred when the laser was performing the secondary incision. In the operating room, the isolate-and-release technique was used to effectively manage this complication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral Descemet membrane detachment during FLACS.
Five cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification in patients implanted with the Mediphacos Ioflex® IOL are described. Clinical data in each case was obtained from the patient's medical record. The five explanted IOLs underwent gross and light microscopic analysis. Selected lenses were processed for further evaluation and multiple sagittal cuts were stained with the alizarin red and von Kossa methods. Light microscope analysis confirmed the presence of deposits on and within the lens, which stained positive for calcium. The reason why calcification has occurred in these cases remains unclear, but surgeons should be aware of this potential late postoperative complication.
ABSTRACT A 51-year-old patient underwent posterior vitrectomy with perfluoropropane gas injection, phacoemulsification, and implantation of an Oft Cryl® hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) because of traumatic retinal detachment and cataract in the right eye. On the first postoperative day, gas was filling the anterior chamber because of patient's non-compliance in terms of head positioning, and was reabsorbed within one week. Eight months later, the patient returned complaining of a significant decrease in vision. IOL opacification was noticed by slit-lamp examination. The lens was explanted to undergo gross and light microscopic analysis. The lens was also stained with the alizarin red method for calcium identification. Light microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of granular deposits, densely distributed in an overall circular pattern in the central part of the lens optic. The granules stained positive for calcium. This is the first case of the opacification of this type of hydrophilic lens. Surgeons should be aware of this potential postoperative complication, and the use of hydrophilic IOLs should be avoided in procedures involving intracameral gas because of the risk of IOL opacification.
PURPOSE: To compare the profiles and clinical findings of a series of patients with Möbius sequence from Brazil with a series from Italy. METHODS: This is a multicenter study, which includes 46 Möbius sequence patients from Brazil and 20 from Italy. Socio-demographic, gestational, and neonatal profile characteristics were collected from interviews with the guardians of the Möbius sequence patients and compared. The Möbius sequence patients were submitted to an ophthalmologic examination and systemic malformations were also evaluated. RESULTS: Misoprostol was used in the first trimester of pregnancy by 26 (56.5%) of the mothers of the Möbius sequence patients in the Brazilian series and was not used by any of the Italian mothers. The mean age of the Brazilian Möbius sequence patients was 89.95 ± 7.79 months and the mean age of the Italian patients was 102.6 ± 22.94 months (P=0.6105; Mann-Whitney test). Brazilian mothers had a significantly lower education level (P=0.0002; Fisher's exact test) and Italian mothers had significantly more stable relationships (p=0.0002; Fisher's exact test). The frequency of ocular and systemic abnormalities was similar in both series. CONCLUSION: Adverse events during pregnancy varied between both groups. A history of misoprostol use during early pregnancy was present only in Brazilian mothers, who had lower levels of education and less frequent stable marital statuses. Clinical findings were similar between both groups of patients.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the efficacy of using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug preoperatively and of applying the re-dilation technique when necessary to minimize pupil size variation when comparing the degree of mydriasis before femtosecond laser pretreatment with that at the beginning of phacoemulsification. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent cataract surgery using the LenSx (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Our routine dilating regimen with flurbiprofen, tropicamide, and phenylephrine was used. The re-dilation technique was applied on eyes that manifested with a pupillary diameter that was smaller than the programmed capsulotomy diameter after laser pretreatment. The technique consists of overcoming pupillary contraction by instilling tropicamide and phenylephrine before phacoemulsification. Pupil size was assessed before femtosecond laser application and at the beginning of phacoemulsification. Results: Seventy-five eyes (70 patients) were included. Nine (12%) eyes underwent the re-dilation technique. There was no significant difference in mean pupillary diameter and mean pupillary area between the two studied surgical time points (p=0.412 and 0.437, respectively). The overall pupillary area constriction was 2.4 mm2. Immediately before opening the wounds for phacoemulsification, none of the eyes presented with a pupillary diameter <5 mm, and 61 (85.3%) eyes had a pupillary diameter >6 mm. Conclusion: Preoperative administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and the re-dilation technique resulted in no significant pupil size variation in eyes that were pretreated with the femtosecond laser, when comparing the measurements made before the laser application and at the beginning of phacoemulsification. This approach can avoid the need to proceed with cataract extraction with a constricted pupil.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the Ocular Response Analyzer’s (ORA’s) performance in differentiating grades I and II keratoconus from normal corneas using each of its 41 parameters individually, and to assess the effect of analyzing all parameters together and the influence of the corneal thinnest point (CTP). In addition, investigate the use of machine learning algorithms and feature selection search strategies to optimize mild keratoconus identification. This study included 68 eyes with mild keratoconus (grades I and II) and 136 healthy agematched control eyes. All eyes had a central corneal thickness between 500 and 600 μm. The mean value of the 41 ORA parameters were compared between the groups, and between the subgroups created based on a CTP greater or lower than 500 μm. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) when separating both groups was calculated for each of the 41 parameters independently and for all of the parameters together. The 41 parameters were assessed using machine learning algorithms [support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, radial basis function neural network, and multi-layer perceptron] and feature selection strategies (forward selection, backward elimination, and genetic algorithm search). The algorithms’ performance was expressed as the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy obtained on the 10-fold cross-validation tests. Most parameters had a statistically lower mean value in the keratoconus group, although there was a large measurement overlap between both groups. Twenty-two parameters were not influenced by the CTP. When analyzed individually, 4 parameters (p1area, p1area1, p2area, and p2area1) had an AUC greater than 0.900. The p2area was the parameter that achieved the largest AUC individually (0.931). The AUC increased to 0.978 when analyzing all parameters together. Of the machine learning algorithms, SVM achieved the best performance when no feature selection strategies were used: sensitivity of 86.8%, specificity of 91.9%, and accuracy of 90.3% ± 5.2%. All algorithms had a better performance in mild keratoconus detection with the use of feature selection strategies. The highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy attained were of 94.1%, 95.6%, and 95.1% ± 4.5%, respectively. This performance was achieved with a subset of 23 ORA parameters selected by associating SVM with the genetic algorithm. This subset of parameters consisted of CRF, CH, aindex, p1area, p2area, aspect1, uslope2, dslope1, dslope2, w1, h2, mslew1, mslew2, slew1, slew2, p1area1, p2area1, uslope11, uslope21, dslope21, w11, path11 and path21. In conclusion, four ORA parameters were the best for identifying grades I and II keratoconus when used individually. The combination of all parameters improved the exam’s performance. The use of machine learning algorithms and feature selection search strategies optimized ORA’s detection of mild keratoconus.
PURPOSE: To report the visual outcomes and complications of congenital cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens implantation in microphthalmic eyes of children younger than 4 years of age. METHODS:This retrospective interventional case series included 14 microphthalmic eyes from 10 children who underwent congenital cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens implantation younger than 4 years of age. Seven patients had bilateral cataracts (11 eyes met the study's inclusion criteria) and 3 patients had unilateral cataract. Patients' medical charts were reviewed to obtain information regarding the preoperative and postoperative ophthalmological examination. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Mean age at the time of surgery was 21.7 ± 2.9 months. Mean ocular axial length was 19.2 ± 0.9 mm. Mean preoperative IOP was 9.7 ± 1.7 mmHg and 10.3 ± 3.1 mmHg on final follow-up (P=0.18). There were no intraoperative complications. Two (15.4%) eyes developed secondary visual axis opacification, of which only one needed to be reoperated due to significantly decreased vision (0.5 logMAR). Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 2.09 ± 0.97 logMAR and 0.38 ± 0.08 logMAR in bilateral cases and 1.83 ± 1.04 logMAR and 0.42 ± 0.13 logMAR in unilateral cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: Primary intraocular lens implantation in congenital cataract surgery in microphthalmic eyes resulted in a significant best-corrected visual acuity improvement with no intraoperative complications and minimal postoperative complications.
OBJETIVO: Analisar a percepção dos pós-graduandos participantes quanto à qualidade dos cursos lato sensu de oftalmologia do Brasil e apontar as áreas que necessitam melhorias. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal e descritivo com 107 pós-graduandos de oftalmologia de cursos credenciados pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) e/ou Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (CBO).Avaliou-se através de questionário as preceptorias (clínica, cirúrgica e emergência), as necessidades de melhoria curricular, aulas teóricas, cirurgias experimentais, atividades cirúrgicas e infraestrutura das instituições participantes. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis pós-graduandos (24,3%) estudavam em instituições credenciadas pelo MEC, 25 (23,4%) pelo CBO e 56 (52,3%) pelo CBO e MEC. A qualidade da preceptoria clínica, cirúrgica e na emergência mostrou-se satisfatória (86,0%, 87,0% e 67,3% respectivamente). As preceptorias clínica, cirúrgica e na emergência estiveram presentes em todos os turnos em 55,1%, 56,1% e 36,4%, respectivamente. A maioria dos alunos deseja maior oferta de cirurgias experimentais (75,7%), melhoria de recursos para o ensino (63,6%), dos equipamentos (74,8%) e das instalações físicas (67,3%). CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis analisadas foram similares nos serviços credenciados pelo MEC, CBO e por ambos.A qualidade das preceptorias nos serviços era satisfatória, embora não eram presenciais em todos os turnos em várias instituições. Os alunos sugeriram um aumento do volume cirúrgico e de cirurgias experimentais e melhoria na infraestrutura.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical features of patients related to opacification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses, four years after surgery. METHODS: We evaluated six cases of late opacification of Ioflex intraocular lenses (case group) compared to 24 patients (control group) with no opacification. Both groups underwent phacoemulsification as a result of a community campaign for underprivileged people. Patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery had only the right eye included on the study. The patients were submitted to ophthalmic examination, including measurements of corrected distance visual acuity and biomicroscopy slitlamp evaluation. Detailed medical histories were obtained. Surgical details were retrieved. RESULTS: Systemic arterial hypertension was recorded in 4 patients from the case group and 11 in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups. A single patient in the control group had diabetes mellitus, and so was not considered for statistical analysis. No environmental factor could be related. There were no statistically significant differences for mean visual acuity between the groups of patients regarding the evaluation periods. One eye in the control group received an Ioflex intraocular lens with the same lot number as one of the opacified lenses. CONCLUSION: No clear patient factor could be related to late Ioflex lens opacification.
Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) four years after the implantation of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Fifty-eight randomly selected eyes from 58 patients were analyzed four years after phacoemulsification and Ioflex IOL implantation. The patients underwent an ophthalmic examination to detect PCO and a detailed medical history was obtained. The patients' charts were reviewed for their corrected distance visual acuity prior to the IOL implantation, as well as for one month postoperatively. The Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of patients without PCO was 74.6 ± 9.5 years, compared to 70.3 ± 15 years in patients with PCO. Four years after surgery, 39 of the 58 eyes (67%) had detectable PCO and 24 eyes (41.3%) had decreased visual acuity (VA) due to PCO. These patients were referred for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Three patients (5.1%) had decreased VA due to glaucoma, IOL opacification, or age-related macular degeneration. Twelve eyes (20.7%) presented mild PCO with unchanged VA. Systemic arterial hypertension was reported by 45% of the patients, and in 3.5% of these cases this was associated with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: This study found the incidence of PCO to be 67% four years after phacoemulsification and Ioflex IOL implantation.