A retenção urinária é pouco frequente na infância, podendo ser congénita ou secundária a processos traumáticos, inflamatórios, cirúrgicos, neurológicos, mecânicos, medicamentosos ou psicogénicos. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de uma adolescente de treze anos, com quadro de algia hipogástrica, retenção urinária e obstipação. Ao exame objectivo constatou-se uma massa arredondada hipogástrica. A radiografia simples do abdómen evidenciou imagem radiopaca no terço inferior do abdómen e a ecografia abdomino-pélvica mostrou conteúdo impuro sugerindo hematocolpos e hematometra. Realizada himeniotomia cirúrgica com evolução favorável. A inspecção atenta dos genitais externos é fundamental, logo após o nascimento, para o diagnóstico de hímen imperfurado. Quando não detectado e tratado no período neonatal, na sua maioria o diagnóstico é realizado tardiamente em idade pubertária perante o aparecimento de complicações. ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute urinary retention is uncommon in childhood, and it can be congenital or secondary to traumatic, inflammatory, surgical, neurological or mechanical processes, drug-induced or psychogenic. Case report: We report a clinical case of a thirteen year old girl with hypogastric pain, urinary retention and constipation. On physical examination a rounded hipogastric mass was palpable. An abdominal X-ray revealed a radiopaque image in the lower third of the abdomen and the abdominal-pelvic ultrasonography revealed an impure content suggesting hematocolpos and hematometra. A surgical incision of the hymen was performed, with favorable outcome. Conclusion: A careful inspection of the external genitalia immediately after birth is essential for the diagnosis of imperforated hymen. When not detected and treated in the neonatal period, most of them have a delayed diagnosis during puberty when complications may occur.

Introdução: A prevalência da alergia alimentar, em idade pediátrica, é cerca de 4-6%. Os principais alimentos responsabilizados por alergia são o leite e clara do ovo, sendo a clínica de alergia, geralmente transitória. Objetivo e métodos: Caracterizar casos de alergia alimentar persistentes ou menos frequentes em idade pediátrica, seguidos na consulta de pediatria/doenças alérgicas num hospital nível II. O diagnóstico baseou-se na anamnese, testes cutâneos, doseamento de IgE sérica especifica e, na ausência de contra-indicações, prova de provocação oral. Num caso realizou-se ISAC® (immuno solid - phase allergen chip) e Imunoblotting para melhor esclarecimento diagnóstico. Foram excluídas as alergias à clara do ovo e às proteínas do leite de vaca com aquisição de tolerância ao longo da infância. Um caso de alergia às proteínas do leite de vaca foi incluído pela não aquisição de tolerância, tornando-o assim uma forma menos frequente. Resultados: Selecionaram-se 12 casos, dos quais 75% (9) eram do sexo masculino. Registaram-se antecedentes familiares de alergias em 58,3% (7) e 83,3% (10) tinham concomitantemente outra manifestação de atopia. Constatamos sete casos de alergia ao kiwi e quatro casos de polissensibilização alimentar. As formas de apresentação clínica foram: urticária [66,7% (8)]; edema perioral [63,6% (7)]; angioedema [41,7% (6)] e dispneia [45,5% (5)]. Todos os testes cutâneos foram positivos. O mesmo não se verificou com os exames laboratoriais (um caso apresentou testes cutâneos e prova de provocação ao kiwi positiva, com IgE sérica específica, determinação pelo método ISAC e Imunoblotting negativos). Conclusões: A maioria das crianças apresentou co-sensibilização com outros alergénios e outra manifestação concomitante de alergia, refletindo o passo primordial da alergia alimentar na marcha alérgica. O diagnóstico de alergia alimentar é de extrema importância, pela evicção que implica e potencial gravidade.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using an asthma app to support medication management and adherence but failed to compare with other measures currently used in clinical practice. However, in a clinical setting, any additional adherence measurement must be evaluated in the context of both the patient and physician perspectives so that it can also help improve the process of shared decision making. Thus, we aimed to compare different measures of adherence to asthma control inhalers in clinical practice, namely through an app, patient self-report and physician assessment. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of three prospective multicentre observational studies with patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma recruited from 61 primary and secondary care centres in Portugal. Patients were invited to use the InspirerMundi app and register their inhaled medication. Adherence was measured by the app as the number of doses taken divided by the number of doses scheduled each day and two time points were considered for analysis: 1-week and 1-month. At baseline, patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to asthma control inhalers during the previous week using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS 0-100). Results: A total of 193 patients (72% female; median [P25-P75] age 28 [19-41] years old) were included in the analysis. Adherence measured by the app was lower (1 week: 31 [0-71]%; 1 month: 18 [0-48]%) than patient self-report (80 [60-95]) and physician assessment (82 [51-94]) (p < 0.001). A negligible non-significant correlation was found between the app and subjective measurements (ρ 0.118-0.156, p > 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between patient self-report and physician assessment (ρ = 0.596, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Adherence measured by the app was lower than that reported by the patient or the physician. This was expected as objective measurements are commonly lower than subjective evaluations, which tend to overestimate adherence. Nevertheless, the low adherence measured by the app may also be influenced by the use of the app itself and this needs to be considered in future studies.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare patient's and physician's ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance. DESIGN: Baseline data from two prospective multicentre observational studies. SETTING: 29 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric secondary care outpatient clinics in Portugal. PARTICIPANTS: 395 patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma. MEASURES: Data on demographics, patient-physician relationship, upper airway control, asthma control, asthma treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and healthcare use were collected. Patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to inhaled controller medication during the previous week using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Discordance was defined as classification in distinct VAS categories (low 0-50; medium 51-80; high 81-100) or as an absolute difference in VAS scores ≥10 mm. Correlation between patients' and physicians' VAS scores/categories was explored. A multinomial logistic regression identified the predictors of physician overestimation and underestimation. RESULTS: High inhaler adherence was reported both by patients (median (percentile 25 to percentile 75) 85 (65-95) mm; 53% VAS>80) and by physicians (84 (68-95) mm; 53% VAS>80). Correlation between patient and physician VAS scores was moderate (rs=0.580; p<0.001). Discordance occurred in 56% of cases: in 28% physicians overestimated adherence and in 27% underestimated. Low adherence as assessed by the physician (OR=27.35 (9.85 to 75.95)), FEV1 ≥80% (OR=2.59 (1.08 to 6.20)) and a first appointment (OR=5.63 (1.24 to 25.56)) were predictors of underestimation. An uncontrolled asthma (OR=2.33 (1.25 to 4.34)), uncontrolled upper airway disease (OR=2.86 (1.35 to 6.04)) and prescription of short-acting beta-agonists alone (OR=3.05 (1.15 to 8.08)) were associated with overestimation. Medium adherence as assessed by the physician was significantly associated with higher risk of discordance, both for overestimation and underestimation of adherence (OR=14.50 (6.04 to 34.81); OR=2.21 (1.07 to 4.58)), while having a written action plan decreased the likelihood of discordance (OR=0.25 (0.12 to 0.52); OR=0.41 (0.22 to 0.78)) (R2=44%). CONCLUSION: Although both patients and physicians report high inhaler adherence, discordance occurred in half of cases. Implementation of objective adherence measures and effective communication are needed to improve patient-physician agreement.

Objective: We aimed to compare patient's and physician's ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance. Design: Baseline data from two prospective multicentre observational studies. Setting: 29 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric secondary care outpatient clinics in Portugal. Participants: 395 patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma. Measures: Data on demographics, patient-physician relationship, upper airway control, asthma control, asthma treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and healthcare use were collected. Patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to inhaled controller medication during the previous week using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Discordance was defined as classification in distinct VAS categories (low 0-50; medium 51-80; high 81-100) or as an absolute difference in VAS scores ≥10 mm. Correlation between patients' and physicians' VAS scores/categories was explored. A multinomial logistic regression identified the predictors of physician overestimation and underestimation. Results: High inhaler adherence was reported both by patients (median (percentile 25 to percentile 75) 85 (65-95) mm; 53% VAS>80) and by physicians (84 (68-95) mm; 53% VAS>80). Correlation between patient and physician VAS scores was moderate (rs=0.580; p<0.001). Discordance occurred in 56% of cases: in 28% physicians overestimated adherence and in 27% underestimated. Low adherence as assessed by the physician (OR=27.35 (9.85 to 75.95)), FEV1 ≥80% (OR=2.59 (1.08 to 6.20)) and a first appointment (OR=5.63 (1.24 to 25.56)) were predictors of underestimation. An uncontrolled asthma (OR=2.33 (1.25 to 4.34)), uncontrolled upper airway disease (OR=2.86 (1.35 to 6.04)) and prescription of short-acting beta-agonists alone (OR=3.05 (1.15 to 8.08)) were associated with overestimation. Medium adherence as assessed by the physician was significantly associated with higher risk of discordance, both for overestimation and underestimation of adherence (OR=14.50 (6.04 to 34.81); OR=2.21 (1.07 to 4.58)), while having a written action plan decreased the likelihood of discordance (OR=0.25 (0.12 to 0.52); OR=0.41 (0.22 to 0.78)) (R2=44%). Conclusion: Although both patients and physicians report high inhaler adherence, discordance occurred in half of cases. Implementation of objective adherence measures and effective communication are needed to improve patient-physician agreement.