O relatório de estágio é o resumo do trabalho que desenvolvi na minha intervenção pedagógica, no âmbito do estágio profissional do Mestrado em Ensino de Informática da Universidade do Minho. No trabalho abordei a aplicação prática do pensamento computacional em sala de aula, em dois contextos de ensino diferentes, em que procurei explorar uma variedade de ferramentas pedagógicas e estratégias. Com a minha investigação, respondi duas questões: como a utilização de plataformas drag-and-drop, MIT App Inventor, contribui para o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional em alunos 3.º ciclo do ensino básico; e como desenvolver o pensamento computacional de modo a facilitar a inclusão digital em alunos adultos, em contexto de ensino secundário, na modalidade de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências (RVCC). A minha intervenção seguiu um conjunto de objetivos específicos que eu estabeleci, incluindo a medição do nível de pensamento computacional, a análise da promoção da criatividade e a verificar se houve inclusão digital, procurando alinhar as minhas práticas pedagógicas com as diretrizes do Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatório (PASEO). Como anteriormente, referido a minha intervenção decorreu em dois contextos de ensino diferentes. A turma 9.º ano destacou-se pela sua elevada diversidade e heterogeneidade, sendo composta por alunos de diversas nacionalidades, com hábitos de estudo e níveis de responsabilidade distintos. A turma 12.ºano RVCC composta por adultos com percursos de vida e profissionais variados, que procuram a certificação do secundário. Recorri, por isso, a abordagens distintas para cada nível de ensino: programação por blocos para o 9.º ano e escrita de algoritmos para a turma RVCC secundário, na resolução de problemas e desmistificar o conceito do pensamento computacional. Concluí que aplicação do pensamento computacional em sala de aula é uma estratégia pedagógica de elevado valor, mas que exige uma adaptação metodológica cuidada aos diferentes públicos. Os desafios que enfrentei, como a gestão de tempo e a heterogeneidade das turmas, evidenciaram como professora ter um planeamento flexível e de aplicar estratégias de diferenciação pedagógica contínuas.

O presente trabalho procura constituir um estudo pioneiro no campo da História da Cartografia portuguesa, relativamente à analise do espólio cartográfico de globos antigos, especificamente na cidade do Porto. O intervalo temporal analisado estabelece-se entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, época que marcou profundamente a cidade portuense, palco de diversos tumultos e influências de cariz político-económico. Destacando-se a forte intervenção dos ingleses, que de uma forma muito delicada pauta diagonalmente este estudo. O estudo desenvolvido em duas grandes partes, sendo que na primeira apresenta a problematização do globo como fonte. Encarar o globo como uma fonte plural, manifestou-se necessário dado a riqueza informativa temática, que se desenvolve muito para além da noção cartográfica e histórica. São consideradas as influências de carácter multidisciplinar que se versam desde a Astronomia, passando pelo Ensino, entre outras áreas do saber. São analisadas posteriormente, num segundo ponto, as histórias de vida de cada um dos globos encontrados na cidade do Porto, reportando-nos para as suas instituições e respectivos papéis que estas desempenham na sociedade de então e actualmente. A presença deste patimónio nas instituições indicam através da sua(s) funcionalidade(s) que se podem estabelecer desde a erudição eclesiástica, como instrumento científico do ensino universitário, como propaganda imperial, entre muitas outros usos e propósitos que um documento cartográfico deste nível encerra na sua complexidade interpretativa. O globo como objecto, dito histórico ou científico, pode ser belo ou único, por possuir recortes de mestria artística ou por ter pertencido a um sábio famoso, mas é sempre muito mais do que isso e é esse muito mais que constitui, com efeito, o critério mais signnificativo da sua essência, e da sua complexidade como fonte.

This paper describes the adsorption of an oligothymidylate (pdT16) on nanoemulsions obtained by spontaneous emulsification procedures. Formulations were composed by medium chain triglycerides, egg lecithin, glycerol, water (NE) and stearylamine (NE SA). After optimization of operating conditions, the mean droplet size was smaller than 255 nm. Adsorption isotherms showed a higher amount of pdT16 adsorbed on cationic NE SA (60 mg/g) compared to NE (20 mg/g). pdT16 adsorption was also evidenced by the inversion of the zeta-potential of NE SA (from +50 to -30 mV) and the morphology of oil droplets examined through transmission electron microscopy. The overall results showed the role of electrostatic interactions on the adsorption of pdT16 on the oil/water interface of nanoemulsions.

The oral administration of proteic antigens, like ovalbumin, may result in the induction of oral tolerance or immunization. The aim of this work was to label a protein antigen with 99mTechnetium, encapsulate it in liposomes and investigate its absorption and tissue distribution after oral administration in mice. Ovalbumin was labeled with 99mTechnetium and encapsulated in small unilamellar vesicles. 99mTc-OVA encapsulated or not in liposomes was administrated to mice that were sacrificed after different times. The radioactivity was measured in various organs of the animals. Differences concerning the biodistribution of 99mTc-OVA were noticed. The technique may represent alternatives for the induction of immunization or oral tolerance.

This work presents the preparation of radiolabelled cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II), CDDP*, from its direct irradiation into a cadmium capsule, using the TRIGA MARK I IPR R-1 research reactor of the CDTN. The ability to detect CDDP* in Ehrlich tumour-bearing mice after administration via an intravenous route was evaluated. After 24 hours, blood and some organs were collected to determine the incorporated activity. The CDDP* showed a great chemical purity and high specific activity that resulted in an optimum in vivo detection. The CDDP* was taken up principally by liver, spleen and kidney. The CDDP* obtained from this condition was shown to be a good tool for biodistribution studies.

The diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious processes is an important goal in medicine. The use of radiopharmaceuticals for identification of inflammation and infection foci has received considerable attention. The aim of this work was to evaluate the uptake and the imaging potential of stealth pH-sensitive liposomes radiolabelled with 99mTechnetium (99mTc) to identify infection sites in mice. The liposomes containing glutathione were labeled with 99mTc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) complex. The 99mTc-labeled stealth pH-sensitive liposomes (99mTc-SpHL) were injected in mice bearing infection in the right thigh muscle induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Biodistribution studies and scintigraphic imaging were performed at different times after injection of radiopharmaceutical. The 99mTc-SpHL was significantly uptaken by abscess when compared to the respective control. The abscess was visualized as early as 0.5 hours after injection of 99mTc-SpHL becoming more prominent with the time. These results indicate that 99mTc-SpHL is a promising radiopharmaceutical for visualizing infection foci in patients.

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the paclitaxel (PTX) drug formulated with a liposomal nanosystem (L-PTX) in a peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer. In vitro cell viability studies with the human ovarian cancer line A2780 showed a 50% decrease in the inhibitory concentration for L-PTX compared to free PTX. A2780 cells treated with the L-PTX formulation demonstrated a reduced capacity to form colonies in comparison to those treated with PTX. Cell death following L-PTX administration hinted at apoptosis, with most cells undergoing initial apoptosis. A2780 cells exhibited an inhibitory migration profile when analyzed by Wound Healing and real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence) methods after L-PTX administration. This inhibition was related to decreased expression of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and transforming growth factor 2 (TGF-β2) genes. In vivo L-PTX administration strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation in ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer, indicating higher antitumor activity than PTX. L-PTX formulation did not show toxicity in the mice model. This study demonstrated that liposomal paclitaxel formulations are less toxic to normal tissues than free paclitaxel and are more effective in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation/migration and inducing ZEB1/TGF-β2 gene expression.

Most of the energy needed for muscle contraction during the Wingate anaerobic test is derived from adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate and glucose breakdown. Exogenous carbohydrates contribute to the maintenance of blood glucose and that could lead to the improvement of anaerobic performance following a prolonged sub-maximal exercise (PE). The purpose of the present study was to compare the anaerobic power output of men in the Wingate test performed immediately after 90 min of cycling at 60% of the maximal workload, with and without the ingestion of carbohydrates and electrolytes (CHO), as well as the physiological responses during the PE. Seven men (21.4 ± 4.2 yrs; 65.46 ± 10.45 kg; 9.4 ± 1.8% fat and 60.38 ± 4.76 mLO2.kg-1.min-1) volunteered for the study. They received adequate amounts of distilled water and capsules containing either glucose and electrolytes (CHO) or placebo (PLA) at every 15 min, while exercising on an environmental chamber at 28 ºC temperature and 79% air relative humidity, in a double-blind protocol. Rectal temperatures and heart rates were monitored continuously. Blood glucose and lactate were also measured. Sweat rates were estimated from pre to post-exercise body weight differences, taking into account water intake and urine excretion. As expected, blood glucose was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in CHO (116 ± 12mg/dL) than in PLA (81 ± 7mg/dL). Relative power output in CHO (12.63 ± 1.27 W·Kg-1) and in PLA ( 12.64 ± 1.30 W·Kg-1) as well as the total work output in CHO (18.57 ± 2.86 KJ) and in PLA (20.36 ± 6.01 KJ) were not different. Thermal regulation was also unaffected. The ingestion of CHO did not affect any of the variables under investigation