After an overview of selected aspects of the relationship of patronage and clientele since the origins of Rome up to the republican period, this article focuses on the daily experience of clients in imperial Rome, as presented by Juvenal’s critical eye. It is with deep and unashamed irony that the author satirises several aspects concerning the obligations and privileges implied by the status of client: on the one hand, the extenuating wandering through the streets of Rome in order to pay the morning salutatio and the fierce competition for the tip at the patron’s door involving poorer clients, wealthy freedmen and even magistrates; on the other, the benefits conquered which comprised both the tip and a scarce and poor quality occasional meal at the patron’s house. These are some of the aspects which, according to Juvenal, bring about attitudes of despair, indignation and rebellion from those who, from a social standpoint, are dependent on another.

In this paper we intend to present an overall characterization of the literary work of L. F. Castro Mendes and analyse in detail the presence of Martial in his collection of poems entitled Os Dias Inventados. In fact, the poet from Bilbilis represents an outstanding influence on the poet, which can be tracked down both on the themes he handles and on his option for the epigram’s formal model.

This chapter argues on balancing young learners’ expectations with teaching and apprenticeship environments and teacher’s choices for models in the context of extracurricular activities. It reflects upon implications in pedagogy, which may lead to adjustments of the teaching of English to the current global reality. At a time where English is increasingly spoken by Europeans and following approaches of English as a lingua franca (ELF) by authors as Barbara Seidlhofer (2001), Jennifer Jenkins (2006) and others, reflections on new roles played by English and ELF concept are considered. Portuguese learners connect with English inside and outside school. Young learners notice certain «differences» of accent and grammar rules, considering English language used in and outside classrooms. Aiming at overcoming that gap and developing the communicative skill in learners, it seems understandable to adjust the teaching of English introducing aspects related to ELF studies. Nevertheless, developing activities according to linguistic policies is required. Thus, teachers face a serious challenge in not letting down expectations of young learners in mastering a language they look forward to use in the future, in their personal and professional paths.

A indecisão vocacional é perspetivada, muitas vezes, como o resultado de interferências negativas entre fatores familiares e de desenvolvimento pessoal. No presente estudo procura-se analisar empiricamente as relações existentes entre ansiedade, a autoestima, identidade vocacional e a certeza vocacional, que funcionariam como preditores da indecisão vocacional num processo de escolha vocacional. Neste estudo procedeu-se a uma análise crítica das abordagens teóricas sistémica e construtivista, que procuram analisar as dificuldades de escolha e indecisão vocacional dos sujeitos. As teorias abordadas e os trabalhos de investigação explanados, que pretendiam analisar a relação entre as diferentes variáveis e indecisão vocacional, conduziram a resultados pouco consistentes e conclusivos.