Neste trabalho de investigação pretendeu-se melhorar as propriedades de resistência mecânica do papel reciclado, tendo como matéria-prima de partida, uma pasta kraft branqueada de Eucalyptus globulus que foi submetida a 4 ciclos de reciclagem (R1, R2, R3 e R4). Foram incorporados 3 aditivos, nomeadamente o amido catiónico (C Bond 35806 amostra industrial), o bórax e a carboximetilcelulose com o objetivo de aumentar a resistência mecânica de forma a prolongar o número de ciclos de reciclagem. O trabalho foi dividido em 3 fases, onde na primeira foi feito o estudo dos ciclos de reciclagem sem incorporação de aditivos. Na fase 2, procedeu-se ao estudo da influência da incorporação dos 3 aditivos nas propriedades da pasta virgem. Finalmente, na terceira fase, incorporou-se o aditivo que apresentou os melhores resultados na fase anterior (amido catiónico) nos ciclos de reciclagem R3 e R4. Neste estudo foi possível recuperar a resistência mecânica das estruturas fibrosas nas reciclagens R3 e R4 em comparação com a pasta de referência virgem, com a incorporação do aditivo amido catiónico a 3%. Estes resultados permitem-nos concluir que é possível aumentar o número de ciclos de reciclagem com a incorporação deste aditivo e sem prejudicar a propriedades das estruturas fibrosas recicladas.

Este trabalho tem como objectivo estudar três tipos de abordagem de leitura na iniciação musical da trompete: Cor gráfica, Cor aplicada à Leitura realizada no Pentagrama e Leitura realizada no Pentagrama. Para tal procedeu-se à elaboração de exercícios referentes a estas abordagens, os quais foram apresentados a um grupo de 6 alunos com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 9 anos de idade da Disciplina de Iniciação Musical de Trompete da Escola de Musica da Póvoa de Varzim. O presente estudo pretende investigar a viabilidade da utilização das cores como estratégia de leitura na iniciação musical da trompete.

One of the proposed solutions for upgrading the high voltage (HV) system of Tilecal, the ATLAS hadron calorimeter, consists in removing the HV regulation boards from the detector and deploying them in a low-radiation room where there is permanent access for maintenance. This option requires many ~100 m long HV cables but removes the requirement of radiation hard boards. That solution simplifies the control system of the HV regulation cards (called HVRemote). It consists of a Detector Control System (DCS) node linked to 256 HVRemote boards through a tree of Ethernet connections. Each HVRemote includes a smart Ethernet transceiver for converting data and commands from the DCS into serial peripheral interface (SPI) signals routed to SPI-capable devices in the HVRemote. The DCS connection to the transceiver and the control of some SPI-capable devices via Ethernet has been tested successfully. A test board (HVRemote-ctrl) with the interfacing sub-system of the HVRemote was fabricated. It is being tested through SPI-interfaces and several devices were already validated. A next version adds a few more ADC/DAC devices for checking their suitability for the final design.

Measurements of the variation of inclusive jet suppression as a function of relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, with respect to the elliptic event plane provide insight into the path-length dependence of jet quenching. ATLAS has measured the Δϕ dependence of jet yields in 0.14  nb-1 of sNN=2.76  TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC for jet transverse momenta pT>45  GeV in different collision centrality bins using an underlying event subtraction procedure that accounts for elliptic flow. The variation of the jet yield with Δϕ was characterized by the parameter, v2jet, and the ratio of out-of-plane (Δϕ∼π/2) to in-plane (Δϕ∼0) yields. Nonzero v2jet values were measured in all centrality bins for pT<160  GeV. The jet yields are observed to vary by as much as 20% between in-plane and out-of-plane directions.

Charged-particle spectra obtained in Pb+Pb interactions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $ TeV and pp interactions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented, using data with integrated luminosities of 0.15 nb$^{−1}$ and 4.2 pb$^{−1}$, respectively, in a wide transverse momentum (0.5 < p$_{T}$ < 150 GeV) and pseudorapidity (|η| < 2) range. For Pb+Pb collisions, the spectra are presented as a function of collision centrality, which is determined by the response of the forward calorimeters located on both sides of the interaction point. The nuclear modification factors R$_{AA}$ and R$_{CP}$ are presented in detail as a function of centrality, p$_{T}$ and η. They show a distinct p$_{T}$-dependence with a pronounced minimum at about 7 GeV. Above 60 GeV, R$_{AA}$ is consistent with a plateau at a centrality-dependent value, within the uncertainties. The value is 0.55 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(syst.) in the most central collisions. The R$_{AA}$ distribution is consistent with flat |η| dependence over the whole transverse momentum range in all centrality classes.

<p>The transverse polarization of <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi><mml:mo accent="true" stretchy="false">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math></inline-formula> hyperons produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is measured. The analysis uses <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>760</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> of minimum bias data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2010. The measured transverse polarization averaged over Feynman <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula> to 0.01 and transverse momentum <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> from 0.8 to 15 GeV is <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.010</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>stat</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>syst</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.002</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.006</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>stat</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>syst</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi><mml:mo accent="true" stretchy="false">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math></inline-formula>. It is also measured as a function of <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula>, but no significant dependence on these variables is observed. Prior to this measurement, the polarization was measured at fixed-target experiments with center-of-mass energies up to about 40 GeV. The ATLAS results are compatible with the extrapolation of a fit from previous measurements to the <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> range covered by this measurement.</p>

The semiconductor tracker is a silicon microstrip detector forming part of the inner tracking system of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The operation and performance of the semiconductor tracker during the first years of LHC running are described. More than 99% of the detector modules were operational during this period, with an average intrinsic hit efficiency of (99.74±0.04)%. The evolution of the noise occupancy is discussed, and measurements of the Lorentz angle, δ-ray production and energy loss presented. The alignment of the detector is found to be stable at the few-micron level over long periods of time. Radiation damage measurements, which include the evolution of detector leakage currents, are found to be consistent with predictions and are used in the verification of radiation background simulations.

The production of opposite-charge W -boson pairs in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV is measured using data corresponding to 3.16 fb −1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015. Candidate W -boson pairs are selected by identifying their leptonic decays into an electron, a muon and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not included in the candidate event sample. The cross-section measurement is performed in a fiducial phase space close to the experimental acceptance and is compared to theoretical predictions. Agreement is found between the measurement and the most accurate calculations available.

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider has performed searches for new, heavy bosons decaying to WW , WZ and ZZ final states in multiple decay channels using 20.3 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=8 TeV . In the current study, the results of these searches are combined to provide a more stringent test of models predicting heavy resonances with couplings to vector bosons. Direct searches for a charged diboson resonance decaying to WZ in the ℓνℓ′ℓ′ ( ℓ=μ,e ), ℓℓqq¯ , ℓνqq¯ and fully hadronic final states are combined and upper limits on the rate of production times branching ratio to the WZ bosons are compared with predictions of an extended gauge model with a heavy W′ boson. In addition, direct searches for a neutral diboson resonance decaying to WW and ZZ in the ℓℓqq¯ , ℓνqq¯ , and fully hadronic final states are combined and upper limits on the rate of production times branching ratio to the WW and ZZ bosons are compared with predictions for a heavy, spin-2 graviton in an extended Randall–Sundrum model where the Standard Model fields are allowed to propagate in the bulk of the extra dimension.