Extraction is one of the most common procedures performed by dental surgeons in their daily clinical practice. Among the trans and postoperative complications associated with this procedure can be mentioned the occurrence of trismus, infections, edema, alveolitis, paresthesia or fractures. The purpose of this study was to report a clinical case of a mandibular fracture associated with first molar extraction, approaching its main risk factors and treatment. Patient JSS, 24 years old, female, was referred to the service of Maxillofacial Surgery due to complications resulted from the extraction of element 36. On physical examination, was observed the presence of fragment mobility, communication of bone tissue with the oral environment and pain complaint was reported by the patient. Computed tomography showed the presence of a fracture in the region of the mandibular body on the left side. The planned surgical proposal was the intraoral debridement of bone fragments, extraoral access in the base of the mandible, fixation of the fracture with plate 2.4 and intraoral and extraoral access suture. During the surgical procedure, it is of great importance that the dental surgeon be aware to the signals emitted by the patient, such as clicks associated with severe pain, profuse bleeding or crackling as these symptoms may be the result of mandibular fracture. When any of these signs are found during the operation, the professional must investigate the occurrence of a possible fracture. It is concluded that in addition to performing a good preoperative evaluation, the dental surgeon must carry out a correct planning of the surgical act based on the basic principles of the surgical technique.

Osteomas are benign osteogenic tumors, which clinically manifest as well-defined and asymptomatic lesions. This article aims to report a case of extensive osteoma in the mandibular branch, addressing the main tools used for diagnosis and treatment modalities. Patient L.M.S, 55 years old, male, sought the service of Maxillofacial Surgery, reporting the appearance of a nodule on the face with evolution of 2 years. On physical examination, a significant volumetric increase was observed in the pre-auricular region on the left side, asymptomatic on palpation and non-bleeding. Computed tomography was requested, which showed a hyperdense bone lesion in the mandibular ramus region. The planned surgical proposal was for extra-oral access in the pre-auricular region on the left side, excision of the lesion by osteotomy followed by osteoplasty for the regularization of the remaining bone tissue and suture by planes. Subsequently, the piece was sent for histopathological analysis that identified the lesion as a compact osteoma. The patient was followed up for 1 and a half years, through clinical and radiographic evaluation, through which an excellent bone repair was observed, with no signs of recurrence. Carrying out the clink exam is essential for the diagnosis of osteoma, as it is an asymptomatic pathology. Due to the fact that it has a low probability of recurrence and does not present malignancy, a conservative approach can be performed with the appropriate postoperative follow-up. Therefore, it is concluded that the performance of a thorough clinical examination associated with the imaging and microscopic information are essential for a good clinical management of this pathology.

Malignant oral neoplasms have great relevance because they represent one of the main causes of death in the world. Squamous cell carcinoma is its most frequent form, but reports in the retromolar region are rare when compared to other oral sites. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the diagnosis and conduct in the case of a patient participating in the Oral Injury extension project (LeBu) at the State University of Maringá - PR/BR. Male patient, 67 years old, a heavy smoker for about 50 years, alcoholic, attended the university with an ulcer in the right lower retromolar region of brownish-white color, with approximately 3 to 4 mm, irregular shape, and rough surface. A biopsy was performed in the lesion region, collecting a fragment of approximately 2 mm, which was referred for histopathological examination, resulting in a diagnosis of moderately differentiated, invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was referred for medical oncological, surgical, and chemotherapy treatment, remaining under dental monitoring throughout the treatment and later with scheduled returns. After 4 years of follow-up, the patient is in good general physical condition, with no signs of recurrence, orally rehabilitated, even quitting the smoking habit. Thus, it is concluded that the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck neoplasms lacks a multidisciplinary view, being the dental surgeon of great importance both for the diagnosis of these injuries, as well as in the prevention and treatment of injuries that may arise from or after the treatment.