The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, frictional forces produced by ceramic brackets and arch wires of different alloys. Frictional tests were performed on three ceramic brackets: monocrystalline (Inspire ICE), polycrystalline (InVu), polycrystalline with metal slot (Clarity), and one stainless steel bracket (Dyna-Lock). Thirty brackets of each were tested, all with .022" slots, in combination with stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires .019" × .025", at 0° and 10° angulation, in artificial saliva. Arch wires were pulled through the slots at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min. There were statistically significant differences between the groups of brackets and wires studied (p < .05). The polycrystalline brackets with metal slots had values similar to those of conventional polycrystalline brackets, and the monocrystalline brackets had the highest frictional forces. The nickel-titanium wires produced the lowest friction. The addition of metal slots in the polycrystalline brackets did not significantly decrease frictional values. Nickel-titanium wires produced lower friction than those of stainless steel.

This study evaluated the mechanical performance of teardrop-shaped loops and teardrop-shaped loops with helix used in orthodontic space closure. Sixty retraction loops made with 0.019" x 0.025" stainless steel (SS) and beta-titanium (BT) wires were used. They were attached to a testing machine to measure the magnitudes of the sagittal force and the load-deflection ratio necessary for 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm activation. The results demonstrated that the BT alloy presented significantly smaller mean values (p < 0.01) of sagittal force and load-deflection than the SS alloy. The loop with the highest mean value of sagittal force and load-deflection was the teardrop-shaped loop (p < 0.01). Differences were observed in the mean values of sagittal force and load-deflection among activations, and the highest mean value was found in the activation of 3 mm, while the smallest mean value was evident in the activation of 1 mm (p < 0.01). It could be concluded that the metallic alloy used and the presence of a helix in configuration of the loops may have a strong influence on the sagittal force produced and on the load-deflection ratio; the teardrop-shaped loops and teardrop-shaped loops with helix in BT presented the release of lighter forces; the teardrop-shaped loop in SS generated a high load-deflection ratio, providing high magnitudes of horizontal force during its deactivation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG) received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20% ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage of collagen showed no interaction between group and time.CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement.

AIM: To investigate the association between palatally impacted maxillary canines (PIC) and idiopathic osteosclerosis. METHODS: A sample of 54 subjects (28 females and 26 males, mean age of 12.98±1.59 years) with PIC was selected from the records of 1,650 orthodontic patients treated at the Discipline of Orthodontics clinics at the Dental School of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. A control group of 54 subjects with normally erupted canines was also selected from the same files (mean age of 12.93±1.58 years). Panoramic, lateral skull, postero-anterior skull, periapical and occlusal radiographs, as well as stone casts of the patients were examined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed a normal distribution of gender and age in the groups. The results were analyzed with the Chi-square test (α=0.05). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the groups. Four patients from each group had idiopathic osteosclerosis (7.41%), a rate that falls in the prevalence range reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation was observed between palatally impacted maxillary canines and idiopathic osteosclerosis.

The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the relation between the transverse craniofacial dimensions of subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and the breathing mode presented by them. Forty Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion subjects of both genders participated in the study, 23 of which were predominantly nose breathers and 17 were predominantly mouth breathers. The mean age ranged from 10 years and 9 months to 14 years - Age range 1; and from 13 years and 4 months to 16 years and 6 months - Age range 2. Measurements of six transverse craniofacial dimensions were performed in P-A teleradiographs: Total Sphenoid, Total Zygomatic, Total Nasal Cavity, Total Maxilla, Total Mastoid and Total Antegonion. The transversal craniofacial dimensions were measured and compared in both groups at age ranges 1 and 2. The longitudinal assessment of age ranges 1 and 2 showed that there was no statistically significant influence of the breathing mode on the craniofacial dimensions evaluated, or on the alteration of these dimensions. Breathing mode had no influence on craniofacial development in the sample studied.

INTRODUÇÃO: a discussão sobre o valor dos honorários a serem cobrados pelo tratamento ortodôntico é importante e bastante atual. OBJETIVO: o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar os fundamentos dos atuais Valores Referenciais para Procedimentos Odontológicos (VRPO) nos procedimentos ortodônticos. MÉTODOS: para analisar esse tema do ponto de vista legal, ético e científico, foram utilizados documentos legais, matérias de entidades de classe odontológica e artigos científicos. RESULTADOS: a legislação é genérica e apenas fornece parâmetros abstratos para definir o valor dos honorários. Os VRPO atuais variam dentro do mesmo Estado, conforme a entidade que se consulte. As entidades odontológicas interpretam que os procedimentos ortodônticos corretivos podem ser praticados por qualquer cirurgião-dentista clínico geral, mas já surgem trabalhos científicos na literatura que afirmam o contrário. A Associação Brasileira de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (ABOR) propõe que sejam formulados VRPO específicos para a Ortodontia. CONCLUSÃO: os VRPO atuais não são padronizados e estão abaixo do valor correto para os procedimentos ortodônticos corretivos, pois são as médias dos valores cobrados por cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas e por clínicos gerais; e a ABOR está embasada legal e eticamente para exigir VRPO específicos para a especialidade da Ortodontia.

ABSTRACT Objective: This article describes the orthodontic treatment performed on an adult patient with multiple dental losses. Case report: A female patient, 20 years and 4 months old, presented with the following conditions: absence of teeth #26, #35, #36 and #46; semi-impacted tooth #48; inclined molars adjacent to an edentulous space; canines and premolars in a Class II relationship; a convex profile; biprotrusion; and forced lip sealing. Results: Space in the region of tooth #26 was closed, as well the space of tooth #46; tooth #48 erupted and followed mesial movement passively; space of the region of tooth #35 was maintained for the placement of a dental implant; uprighting of tooth #37 was obtained. Aesthetic and functional goals of the treatment were achieved. Results remained stable 10 years after the end of the treatment. Conclusion: The modified helical loop could be effectively used in orthodontic mechanics to close edentulous spaces. Passive semi-impacted mandibular third molar eruption and mesialization can occur in adults when proper space is provided.

Introduction: The cost of orthodontic treatment is a very important issue. The aim of this study was to analyze the current Indicative Values for Dental Procedures (IVDP) for orthodontic procedures. Methods: Laws, dental entities papers and scientific literature were utilized. Results: Laws are too general and only offer abstract parameters when define remunerations. Current IVDP vary in the same State, according to the consultant entity. Dental entities interpret that general clinicians can practice Corrective Orthodontics, but new scientific studies begin to question this understanding. The Brazilian Association of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (ABOR) suggests that IVDP for orthodontic specialty must be formulated. Conclusion: Current IVDP are not standardized and are below the correct values for orthodontic procedures, because they are the mean of general clinicians and orthodontists remunerations; and ABOR is legally and ethically supported to claim specific IVDP for orthodontic specialty.

OBJETIVO: tendo em vista o conflito existente, no Ordenamento Jurídico brasileiro, entre o princípio da legalidade e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana no que diz respeito à prática da Ortodontia pelo cirurgião-dentista não-especialista, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a legislação e os julgados dos tribunais nesse assunto. MÉTODOS: realizou-se o levantamento da legislação referente ao ensino e à prática da Ortodontia no Diário Oficial da União e nos órgãos competentes. Com relação aos julgados dos tribunais, a pesquisa foi realizada nos Tribunais de Justiça e nos extintos Tribunais de Alçada de todos os Estados-membros da República Federativa do Brasil, bem como do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e do Supremo Tribunal Federal, utilizando as palavras-chave " Ortodontia" , " ortodôntico" e " ortodontista" . RESULTADOS: a legislação brasileira classifica os cursos de pós-graduação em stricto sensu e lato sensu, os quais possuem normas de funcionamento próprias. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais determinam que, no curso de graduação em Odontologia, seja apenas ministrada a Ortodontia Preventiva. Os tribunais brasileiros entendem que, para a prática da Ortodontia Corretiva, é necessária habilitação em curso de pós-graduação. CONCLUSÃO: o curso de graduação em Odontologia é competente para o ensino da Ortodontia Preventiva; somente os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu e lato sensu são competentes para ensinar a Ortodontia Corretiva; é inconcebível a interpretação de que o legislador faculta ao cirurgião-dentista não-especialista praticar a Ortodontia Corretiva; e o cirurgião-dentista não-especialista só pode praticar procedimentos que estejam incluídos na categoria de Ortodontia Preventiva e Interceptiva.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of etching and light-curing time on the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) upon debonding of orthodontic brackets. Sixty-eight bovine permanent incisors were obtained and embedded in acrylic resin. Edgewise metallic brackets were bonded to the teeth with Fuji Ortho LC RMGIC. The specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups, using the following etching and light-curing times: G1: 10% polyacrylic acid and 40 s (control); G2: 37% phosphoric acid and 40 s; G3: 10% polyacrylic acid and 50 s; and G4: 37% phosphoric acid and 50 s. Shear test was performed at 0.5 mm/min and the ARI was assessed. G2 (3.6 ± 0.98 MPa) presented significantly higher (p<0.05) SBS than G1 (2.76 ± 0.86 MPa) and G4 (2.86 ± 0.68 MPa), and there was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) between G2 and G3 (2.94 ± 0.67 MPa). ARI presented prevalence of scores 2 and 3 in all groups. RMGIC SBS enhanced with 37% phosphoric acid etching and 40 s light-curing time, but this did not occur when the light-curing time was increased, regardless of the acid used. RMGIC presented prevalence of failures at the adhesive/bracket interface.