Cartographic Projection can be defined as the mathematical relationship between the position of a model of the terrestrial surface and the flat surface. Cylindrical projections are employed around the world, taking into consideration their properties and special characteristics. The purpose of this study was to identify the cartographic projection that best represents South America terrestrial surface, focusing mainly on the area of the continent, determined by the South American Defense Council. Initially, the projections were selected based on a bibliographic review. Subsequently, a suitability judgment was made for South America applying Tissot Indicatrix, Isolines of Maximum Angular Distortion and Region of Acceptable Distortion. Finally, an assumption was drawn up among the best results. The study control was performed using the software Flex Projector and ArcGIS 10.1, computational resources of great use in Cartography. The study provided a clear, simple and objective understanding of how different projections behave. The motivation comes from the insufficiency of detailed information and applied to the choice of map projection in regions of large areas.

The use of RPAs (Remotely Piloted Aircraft) popularly known as Drones, has stood out as one of the techniques with wide potential for contribution in several scientific fields. The possibility of generating cartographic products and Digital Terrain Models quickly compared to traditional topography techniques as a total station has proved to be quite applicable in the diagnosis and prevention of geological and geotechnical accidents. This article evaluated the accuracy of the volume calculation, carried out by means of Digital Terrain Models (MDTs), generated from the technologies RPAs, LiDAR (Light Detecting And Ranging) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) in Alto da Sé in Olinda. The results were classified according to the PEC (Cartographic Accuracy Standard), obtaining a planimetric error of less than 0.5 mm, obtaining classification A on a scale of 1/2000. The RPA survey showed better accuracy in calculating the volume.Keywords: Photogrammetric survey. Calculation of volume. Data modeling.

Abstract: In Brazil, the LDB - Law of Guidelines and Bases nº. 9394(Brazil, 1996) and the PCN - National Curricular Parameters, determines that the Geography discipline is recognized as autonomous and should not be understood as a complement to other disciplines. In this way, the improvement in Geography teaching passes through cartographic literacy. The focus is on offering the student the capacity to carry out the appropriation, analysis, reflection and criticism on geographical space. In this way, this paper presents a resource that consisted of the development of the application called MapVoice. The purpose of the software is to enable Blind or visually impaired students, from basic education, in the learning of Cartography in Geography classes. MapVoice provides the understanding and interpretation of physical environments transformed into thematic maps based on data from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census executed by IBGE. The software used sound and image resources developed for Windows environment. The research concludes that it is necessary to prepare the infrastructure of the schools for the reception of these students, but mainly the continuing training of teachers and teaching assistants. Mapvoice was tested at the Institute of the Blind for validation, achieving a satisfactory result and making enthusiasm for the development of new researches.

De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHO, 2012) em todo o mundo existem, aproximadamente, 285 milhões de deficientes visuais. Este número representa um desafio social e torna o assunto uma importante área de pesquisa. Mapas geográficos acessíveis são úteis para adquirir conhecimento do meio ambiente. Tradicionalmente, mapas de papel em alto relevo com texto braille são sempre usados na alfabetização cartográfica. Estes mapas revelaram-se eficientes para a aquisição de conhecimento espacial por pessoas com deficiência visual, no entanto, possuem limitações significativas.Por exemplo, devido às especificidades do sentido tátil, apenas uma quantidade limitada de informações pode ser representada no mapa. Além disso, informações específicas como distâncias, são de difícil representação em mapas de alto relevo. Salienta-se, ainda que, apenas uma pequena porcentagem da população com deficiência visual pode ler braille. No Brasil, a LDB – Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (nº.9394/96) e o PCN – Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, determinam que a disciplina de Geografia reconhecida como autônoma e não deve ser entendida como complemento de outras disciplinas. Desta forma, a melhoria do ensino da Geografia passa pela alfabetização cartográfica. O foco é oferecer ao estudante a capacidade de realizar a apropriação, análise, reflexão e crítica sobre o espaço geográfico. Os recentes avanços tecnológicos permitiram o desenho de mapas interativos com o objetivo de superar algumas limitações. Uma característica significativa dos mapas, é o potencial de fornecer um amplo monitoramento de fenômenos com conhecimento espacial, independentemente da idade do usuário. É neste sentido que, esta pesquisa apresenta a criação de um recurso computacional que visa habilitar os estudantes deficientes, ou não, da educação básica de ensino na aprendizagem da Cartografia. O software desenvolvido usa recursos de som e imagem simultânea com dados dos 193 países membros da ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas, o que pemite o ensino inclusivo, a interação entre estudantes com ou sem deficiência visual.

The environmental preservation areas in the State of Pará provide with the lack of scientific studies on the effects of changes in land use and the temperature of the earth's surface. In this context, this study aims to analyze the Vegetation Index by Normalized Difference (NDVI) and to verify the behavior of the surface temperature of the land in the Environmental Protection Area (APA) Triunfo do Xingu, in the state of Pará, between the years 2000 and 2019 using a Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results sought that the terrestrial surface in the study area, varied in average of 26.79º C for the year 2000 to 28.90º C for the year 2019. The NDVIs attenuated to represent the vegetation between the 20 years studied indicating changes occurred in an area of ??approximately 828 km² (4.93% of the total area of ??the APA). The results induced that despite the changes identified in the study region, much of the vegetation cover was conserved.

The reality of the actions to implement universal access and to comply with the basic principles of basic sanitation are not the same among municipalities in the country. This situation is evidenced when comparing the indicators of water supply services, available in the National System of Information on Basic Sanitation - SNIS. When comparing the number of connections, the consumption of water and the volume of investments in the cities of Redenção, Xinguara and Santana do Araguaia, all municipalities in the southeastern region of Pará, different scenarios of universalization were found, which does not reach the maximum limit established by Law 11,445 / 2007 and the Integrated Basic Sanitation Plan of the State of Pará. Thus, the analysis, by indicators, revealed a preference behavior in the provision of services to those cities that presented the best economic and urban infrastructure indicators.

In recent years, the process of deforestation in the Amazon Forest has intensified. Among the main causes, we highlight the encouragement of policies of territorial occupation, timber exploitation and increase of areas destined for livestock and agricultural crops. In Brazil, the Forest involves nine states that are part of the Amazon Basin, each of them having portions of the Amazon Forest. Among these states, Pará is the one that most contributed to the increase in deforestation. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the dynamics of the vegetation cover of Pará between the years 1989 and 2019 through the processing of satellite images on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. For the execution of this work, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using JavaScript language programming in GEE. Images from the Landsat-5 / TM and Landsat-8 / OLI-TIRS satellites were used. The results showed a significant reduction in vegetation cover between 1989 and 2019 mainly in the eastern region of the state. The importance of GHG and NDVI in environmental monitoring and control is highlighted because through the results obtained it was possible to verify changes in the vegetation cover that the Forest has been suffering over the years.

Considering the outbreak of a new coronavirus that plagued the whole world changing the routine of almost all humanity, the situation was no different in the municipality of Santana do Araguaia in the interior of Pará. As a first attitude to contain an outbreak, several prevention measures were established, which included social isolation and quarantine. Making an exception for activities and establishments essential for survival. One of the prevention strategies that was very beaded was the hygiene of the hands with alcohol in gel 70% and/or soap and water. For the operation of the establishments it was necessary to make containers for hygiene, evaluating that the virus survives a significant amount of time on the surfaces, the direct contact of customers with these containers would increase the possibility of contagion. The present work aims to present the extension project action that used epidemiological data and manufacture of alcohol dispersers in its methodology, in addition, community awareness events and obtained a result the scale manufacturing of the devices and the distribution in the points of largest agglomeration in the municipality under study, and points to a need for implementation and monitoring in smaller areas to facilitate the contacting of the effectiveness of the device.