This work shows a comparative study of organic light emitting diodes based on four different europium complexes with the general formula, Eu(CLs)3bipyridine, where the central ligands are DBM [tris(dibenzoylmethane)], TTA [tris(1-(2-thieneyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-butanedione)], NTA [tris(1-(2-naphthoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetone)] and BTA [tris(1-(2-benzoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetone)]. All devices have a driving voltage of 14–16 V, a very low electrical current at normal operation (less than 1 mA) and a good Wall Plug Efficiency (up to near 10−3%). The most suitable central ligand was found to be DBM, with an optical power up to 200 nW (at 612 nm). The BTA exhibits the lowest stability under high applied voltages. The other central ligands have similar results among them. The electroluminescence spectra clearly show the europium ion transitions (with a strong 5D0 → 7F2 line) with a CIE color coordinate around (0.56, 0.34).

The adduct TRIMEB:Eu(BTA)3 · 2H2O was prepared and primarily characterized by photoluminescence (PL), and compared with free Eu(BTA)3 · 2H2O. Both spectra show the Eu3+ ion emission, with subtle differences between lines for the free and encapsulated complex. The temperature dependence and chemical stability were studied, taking into account (in the latter case) the PL changes with time. The use of this new material as the emissive layer in OLEDs was tested by its successful incorporation into a device, using a conductive polymer as host. The use of the TRIMEB adduct increased the stability of the device (as compared with the free Eu complex).

In this work, a ruthenium hexafluorophosphate complex, [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) was employed to build a single layer light electrochemical cell on indium tin oxide polyester flexible substrate. The electroluminescence spectrum features a relatively broad band peaked near 625 nm, with CIE (x, y) color coordinates of (0.61, 0.39). The driving voltage is only 3 V, and for the maximum electrical current of 10 mA the brightness reaches 1 cd/m2. Regarding the useful application of the device, its opto-electrical behavior under mechanical strain was studied considering the central curvature. In these situations, both electrical characterization in DC mode and luminance were analyzed.

In this work, two ruthenium complexes, [Ru(bpy)3](PF 6)2 and [Ru(ph2phen)3](PF6) 2 in poly(methylmethacrylate) matrix were employed to build single-layer light-emitting electrochemical cells by spin coating on indium tin oxide substrate. In both cases the electroluminescence spectra exhibit a relatively broad band with maxima near to 625 nm and CIE (x, y) color coordinates of (0.64, 0.36), which are comparable with the photoluminescence data in the same medium. The best result was obtained with the [Ru(bpy) 3](PF6)2 device where the optical output power approaches 10 μW at the band maximum with a wall-plug efficiency higher than 0.03%. The lowest driving voltage is about 4 V for an electrical current of 20 mA.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do treinamento sobre as variáveis da cinemática de equinos jovens da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo no salto em liberdade. Foram utilizados 14 equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo com idade de 40 a 42 meses, peso vivo de 436,3±11,6kg e 448,2±12,7kg e altura na cernelha de 1,57±0,03m e 1,58±0,03m ao início e ao final do experimento, respectivamente. Os equinos realizaram dois protocolos de avaliação de salto, um antes e outro após o treinamento. O treinamento teve a duração de cinco meses e consistiu em 50 minutos de atividade física por dia, montados, sendo dois dias de flexionamento, dois dias de condicionamento físico e dois dias de trabalho específico de salto de obstáculos. Nos protocolos de avaliação, foram filmados cinco saltos em liberdade sobre um obstáculo oxer, com o primeiro e o segundo elemento na altura de 0,90m e 1,00m de altura, respectivamente, e 0,90m de largura. Foram fixados marcadores reflexivos nos equinos em pontos anatômicos utilizados como pontos de referência para a avaliação das características cinemáticas no salto. As filmagens foram realizadas com câmera de 100Hz, e as imagens, processadas no Simi Reality Motion Systems(r). Os resultados das variáveis avaliadas foram comparados com o teste de t pareado (P<0,05). O treinamento resultou no aumento das variáveis (P<0,05): velocidade da passada anterior ao salto, velocidade do salto, deslocamento horizontal da cernelha no salto, ângulo escapuloumeral, distância vertical entre as articulações escapuloumeral e metacarpofalângica, ângulo coxofemoral e ângulo femorotibial. No entanto, os valores dos ângulos umerorradial e tibiometatarsiano apresentaram redução após o treinamento (P>0,05). Conclui-se que o treinamento específico para salto com cinco meses de duração altera algumas variáveis cinemáticas dos equinos no salto de obstáculo proporcionando melhoria, principalmente, na trajetória do salto.

Integrated studies on the interplay between soils, periglacial geomorphology and plant communities are crucial for the understanding of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems of maritime Antarctica, one of the most sensitive areas to global warming. Knowledge on physical environmental factors that influence plant communities can greatly benefit studies on the monitoring of climate change in maritime Antarctica, where new ice-free areas are being constantly exposed, allowing plant growth and organic carbon inputs. The relationship between topography, plant communities and soils was investigated on Potter Peninsula, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. We mapped the occurrence and distribution of plant communities and identified soil–landform–vegetation relationships. The vegetation map was obtained by classification of a QuickBird image, coupled with detailed landform and characterization of 18 soil profiles. The sub-formations were identified and classified, and we also determined the total elemental composition of lichens, mosses and grasses. Plant communities on Potter Peninsula occupy 23% of the ice-free area, at different landscape positions, showing decreasing diversity and biomass from the coastal zone to inland areas where sub-desert conditions prevail. There is a clear dependency between landform and vegetated soils. Soils that have greater moisture or are poorly drained, and with acid to neutral pH, are favourable for moss sub-formations. Saline, organic-matter-rich ornithogenic soils of former penguin rookeries have greater biomass and diversity, with mixed associations of mosses and grasses, while stable felsenmeers and flat rocky cryoplanation surfaces are the preferred sites for Usnea and Himantormia lugubris lichens at the highest surface. Lichens sub-formations cover the largest vegetated area, showing varying associations with mosses.