Despite the role that Radiographers play in the NHS, which is not properly recognized, and the several struggles they have faced in trying to obtain a attractive and fair career, it would be unimaginable that they would have a totally different fight against an unknown virus. Due to its extreme speed of dissemination and its pandemic incidence, there was a need to adapt practices and services in order to minimize the risk of infection. Thus, this document intends to identify the available evidence related to the role of radiographers and the adopted strategies in order to minimize the risk of infection. Using different research descriptors, a literature review was carried out in the several databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, Pubmed and Scielo), and a total of 25 final documents were obtained. These were analyzed using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The evidence identifies several organizational approaches in radiology departments and in the radiographer practices, in order to provide an adequate and safe response in the current context. The awareness and knowledge of protection procedures are referred to as priorities, which must be obtained through appropriate training and education. Radiographers are frontline warriors in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic and have played an irreplaceable role in the provision of healthcare.

The main objective of this narrative review is to discuss the trends, challenges and opportunities in the continuing education and training of Radiographers, especially from a post-pandemic perspective that could enhance the remodeling of training opportunities. A bibliographic analysis was carried out in the main databases, complemented with the use of resources available online in associations and scientific and professional societies in this area of knowledge. Exclusion criteria included articles not published in English, prior to 2013 and without contributions in the field of distance education or active learning. Continuing education and training in the field of radiology has undergone a re-adaptation process, and the usual face-to-face learning opportunities (in the classroom, simulation laboratories and clinical environments) were quickly transformed into distance learning opportunities, leading to emergence of innovative education and training models. Thus, the most recent evidence has revealed that learner-centered strategies, such as the inverted classroom and game-based learning, when applied in the education of health professionals, will allow the achievement of positive and very promising results. The proper preparation of Radiographers depends on the application of effective teaching methodologies that allow an excellent clinical performance and the maintenance of high standards of quality and safety. Game-based learning appears to be effective in improving knowledge, skills and attitudes and should be considered as a potential systematic tool in this field.

Introduction: The professional practice of the radiographers must be constantly reviewed and questioned, and with decision-making processes supported by the most recent scientific evidence, which enhance the improvement of service quality and patient safety. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze the informational behavior of radiographers during their clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A descriptive quantitative methodology was adopted, using a self-administered survey to a total of 101 radiographers working in radiology departments in the Algarve region. Results: A response rate of 61.4% (n=62) was obtained. The information sources most used by radiographers are Internet search engines (48.4%), followed by consultation more experienced colleagues (38.7%) and health websites or other medical research tools (37.1%). 9.7% did not use any information source in the last month. In addition, it was found that the most frequent doubts in the clinical context of radiographers are related to the principle of "Optimization" (29.8%), the "Technical acquisition parameters" (16.1%) and the principle of Justification (13.7% ). Conclusion: The radiographers in this study should improve their developmental stages in the information search process, through adequate education and training, in order to ensure the support and strategies necessary to increase the effectiveness of information search. For that, planning, monitoring and evaluation strategies of the results of the bibliographic search must be implemented.

Background: High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6, called double and triple-hit lymphomas (DTH-HGBL), are lymphoid malignancies with inferior outcomes when treated with standard chemotherapy. The identification of DTH-HGBL cases is challenging, considering their variable clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features. Materials and Methods: Retrospective revision of medical data of patients diagnosed with DTH-HGBL confirmed by FISH, between January 2010 and January 2020, in three Tertiary Portuguese Hospitals (Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Coimbra and Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto). Pathological features, morphology, and immunohistochemical profile were evaluated by at least two experienced pathologists in hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. Results: The cohort included 24 patients: 33.3% triple-hit, 58.3%, MYC/BCL2 double-hit and 8.3% MYC/BCL6 double-hit. There was no gender predominance, with a median age of 62.5±14.3y, 33.3% were diagnosed as nodal disease, and 66.7% as extranodal. Morphologic features of DLBCL were present in 50% of cases, morphological features of both DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma (DLBCL/BL) in 45.8% and 4.2% of blastoid morphology. Immunohistochemical evaluation, regarding the Hans algorithm, revealed a Germinal center (GC)/GC-like subtype in 83.3% of cases and a non-GC/non-GC-like subtype in 16.7%. MYC was positive in 42.9% and the median proliferative index was 80±12.4%. Conclusion: DTH-HGBL has a very broad range of features. We consider that a cost-effective approach would be to perform cytogenetic analysis in DLBCL and DLBCL/BL cases with GC/GC-like subtype. MYC and BCL2 immunohistochemistry can be useful to identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapies, but not as tools for case selection for FISH.

Em dezembro de 2019, na cidade chinesa de Wuhan, foi identificado pela primeira vez em humanos uma infeção respiratória provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. A doença causada por este vírus continua a disseminar-se em todo o mundo, representando um grande problema de saúde global. Considerando que a tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax é um exame essencial para avaliar e determinar a extensão de lesões pulmonares que podem ocorrer, esta revisão pretende descrever os achados imagiológicos mais característicos e comuns causados pelo Covid-19.

O objetivo principal desta revisão narrativa consiste em discutir as tendências, desafios e oportunidades na educação e formação contínua dos Técnicos de Radiologia (TRad), sobretudo numa perspetiva póspandémica que poderá potenciar a remodelação das oportunidades de formação. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas principais bases de dados, complementado com a utilização de recursos disponíveis online em associações e sociedades científicas e profissionais desta área do conhecimento. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram artigos não publicados em inglês, anteriores a 2013 e sem contribuições no campo da educação à distância ou da aprendizagem ativa. A educação e formação contínua no campo da radiologia tem sofrido um processo de readaptação, e as habituais oportunidades de aprendizagem no formato presencial (em sala de aula, laboratórios de simulação e ambientes clínicos) foram rapidamente transformadas em oportunidades de ensino à distância, levando ao surgimento de modelos de ensino e formação inovadores. Assim, as evidências mais recentes revelaram que as estratégias centradas no formando, como a sala de aula invertida e a aprendizagem baseada em jogos, quando aplicadas na educação de profissionais da saúde, permitiram a obtenção de resultados positivos e muito promissores. A adequada preparação dos TRad depende da aplicação de metodologias eficazes de ensino que permitam um excelente desempenho clínico e a manutenção de elevados padrões de qualidade e segurança. A aprendizagem baseada em jogos parece ser eficaz para aprimorar conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes e deve ser considerada como uma potencial ferramenta sistemática neste campo.

Dose measurements were performed at the eye lens and thyroid level using TLD dosimeters, in different configurations (with and without shields) and using standard protocols with different values of voltage (kV) and current-time product (mAs). A total of 103 exposures were performed on patients, 84 of them using a MSCT GE Lightspeed 16 equipment and the remaining 19 using a CBCT NewTom GiANO equipment. These exposures were subdivided into 22 smaller samples (19 samples with 5 exposures each, 1 sample with 4 exposures and 2 samples with 2 exposures each), in accordance with the protocols and configurations adopted. 54 were performed without the use of shields and the remaining 49 with the use of shields, namely, a bismuth shield for the thyroid, a barium shield for the eye lens and, also, a bismuth shield for the breast, which was tested only in the routine MSCT protocol.

A aplicação de ferramentas de Gestão ao Serviço de Radiologia pode representar um papel significativo na melhoria dos procedimentos realizados, nomeadamente os de uma sala de Mamografia Digital, uma vez que através de um controlo eficiente dos processos, é possível alcançar os objectivos a que o serviço se propôs. Neste âmbito, as auditorias, bem como a sua abordagem por processos, assumem um papel cada vez mais fundamental para a melhoria dos cuidados prestados, através da normalização e aperfeiçoamento dos processos auditados. Para tal, é essencial que todas as normas e processos sejam parte constituinte de um Manual da Qualidade, já que este deve representar um elemento de referência e uniformização dos métodos a aplicar na Gestão da Qualidade, designadamente no que se refere à satisfação do utente e à optimização dos processos.