Some applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to the automobile are identified, and the use of Crossbow MICAz motes operating at 2.4 GHz is considered together with TinyOS support. These WSNs are conceived in order to measure, process and supply to the user diverse types of information during an automobile journey. Examples are acceleration and fuel consumption, identification of incorrect tire pressure, verification of illumination, and evaluation of the vital signals of the driver. A brief survey on WSNs concepts is presented, as well as the way the wireless sensor network itself was developed. Calibration curves were produced which allowed for obtaining luminous intensity and temperature values in the appropriate units. Aspects of the definition of the architecture and the choice/implementation of the protocols are identified. Security aspects are also addressed.

Nowadays, wireless sensor network (WSN) users are demanding more and more in terms of choice and diversity of applications. Hence, as the diversity of applications is increasing, it is worthwhile to propose a structure for the set of characterization parameters that allows sketching a taxonomy for WSN applications. This taxonomy is established via an application-oriented approach, identifying the specific services offered by each application. In this survey, we fill this gap in the WSN literature by describing the characterization parameters, organized into six different categories. Our taxonomy for application classification is centered on the different sets of parameters that have high impact on a given future WSN application. Typical attributes and values from related research works are considered as a reference, but in this survey, we propose inter- and intra-connections among the considered application groups. Based on these connections, new application groups have been proposed for applications that share common characterization parameters, along with a holistic overview of WSN application taxonomy and the discussion of the three generations of WSNs toward communication between things and the Internet of Things , as well as future trends for the development of WSN applications. Moreover, detailed parameters from different projects and authors in the field of WSNs are joined together for comparison purposes.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are spreading around in multiple fields of applications because they perform measuring tasks in a flexible way. This paper presents a survey on nowadays research efforts on the application of these WSNs to the automobile industry, to agriculture, and to wearable technologies (healthcare and athletes monitoring). From our practical deployments, it is important to highlight the functionalities for the automotive industry, and the results extracted from our application to a vineyard. Research on wearable technologies constitutes a challenge, and wireless healthcare solutions in the context of fabrics are being addressed.

At the eve of a new decade, when energy concerns are at the top of the research priorities, this work presents a new cost-benefit function for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) powered by harvesting energy sources. The models rely on a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) that combines a super-capacitor (SC) with a Rechargeable Battery (RB). While the SC has low energy storage capability but is capable of providing high level of energy throughput and frequent charge cycles, the RB has higher energy storage capability but limited charge cycles. Our proposal for the protocol associated with HESS assigns different weights to the residual energy in both energy storage systems whilst favouring routes with more SC energy and harvesting rates. The main innovation is the application of a new routing cost metric to prolong the network lifetime. An energy model framework has been developed in MATLAB with different application scenarios to test the proposed cost metric. The simulation results show that, by using the HESS flexible energy-aware cost-benefit function, significant extension of the network lifetime is achieved by means a balance between the energy consumption and the reliable delivery of data packets.

Some applications of Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to the automobile are identified, and the use of MICAz motes operating at 2.4GHz is considered together with TinyOS support. These WSNs are being conceived in order to measure, process and supply to the user diverse types of information during an automobile journey. Examples are acceleration and fuel consumption, identification of incorrect tire pressure, verification of illumination, and evaluation of the vital signals of the driver. A survey on WSNs concepts is presented, and the wireless sensor network itself (transmitter/receiver/control board) is developed. Aspects of the definition of the architecture and the choice/implementation of the protocols are identified. Security aspects are also addressed.

Body Sensor Networks (BSN) appeared as an application of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to medicine and biofeedback. Such networks feature smart sensors (biosensors) that capture bio-physiological parameters from people and can offer an easy way for data collection. A new BSN platform called Sensing Health with Intelligence Modularity, Mobility and Experimental Reusability (SHIMMER) presents an excellent opportunity to put the concept into practice, with suitable size and weight, while also supporting wireless communication via Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4 standards. BSNs also need suitable interfaces for data processing, presentation, and storage for latter retrieval, as a result one can use Bluetooth technology to communicate with several more powerful and Graphical User Interface (GUI)-enabled devices such as mobile phones or regular computers. Taking into account that people currently use mobile and smart phones, it offers a good opportunity to propose a suitable mobile system for BSN SHIMMER-based networks. This dissertation proposes a mobile system solution with different versions created to the four major smart phone platforms: Symbian, Windows Mobile, iPhone, and Android. Taking into account that, currently, iPhone does not support Java, and Java cannot match a native solution in terms of performance in other platforms such as Android or Symbian, a native approach with similar functionality must be followed. Then, four mobile applications were created, evaluated and validated, and they are ready for use.

Owing to the huge range of application scenarios for wireless networks, new prospects for the current and future applications of the Internet, making new communication paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G networks. Two important networks are included in this scenery: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) provide key devices for developing the IoT communication paradigm, such as the sensors used for collecting different kind of information, and the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) that enable interoperability between heterogeneous network, covering large areas with at am low cost.Eeach one these networks have specific characteristics, for example, the WSN has serious restrictions (e.g. power consumption, low speed wireless links, interference) while the WMN offers high data rates through multiple radios and channels. In this context, it is necessary to find solutions that can ensure more efficient communication system based on the optimized utilization of the network resources. So it was created a multi-objective routing algorithm, called Routing-Aware of path Length, Link quality, and traffic Load (RALL). This seeks to strike a balance between three objectives: to minimize the network bottlenecks, to reduce path length, and to avoid links with low quality, for resolution the routing problem for WSN, Then the RALL approach was adapted to match the specialty of the WMN, entitled Routing Aware of path Length, Link quality, and traffic Load Weighted (RALLW). The results indicate that combining multiple objectives when performing routing can benefit networks performance. The RALL and RALLW results in a good performance with regard to the delivery rate, throughput, delay, and power consumption when compared to other approaches, however the RALLW approach did not significant differences when compared to the RALL.

Body Sensor Networks (BSN) are a technology used to supply individual’s vital signs to ubiquitous and pervasive systems. This systems applied to the healthcare area uses BSN to monitor patient’s vital signs remotely, that is without them being in a hospital environment. This technology applied as a base to this application assists healthcare professional to remotely monitor patients, which contribute to solve healthcare services problems. One of those problems is the crowded treatments centers. The usage of BSN, by conditioning remote monitoring, can colaborate to reduce the patients’ needs to consistently go to hospitals, thus contributing to reduce the number of patients in those environments. Given this tecnology potential comes the need to develop good quality applications. However, considering an analysis of BSN projects applied to the healthcare field, the usage of inadequated hardware platforms are noticed. Therefore aiming to make the development of this type of applications easier, it is proposed a simulator specific for BSN applied to the healthcare field. Hence, this work’s goal is to show this application simulator through the usage of a simulated hardware platform which takes intoconsiderationhealthcare demands to provide a test environment.

This paper presents an alternative to scale testbeds for wireless sensor networks. The approach in this research was based on the recurrence of Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation technique to co-relate real sensor nodes with virtual sensor nodes. A literature review of explanatory feature enabled the fundamentals of this research and allowed the definition of predicates for targeting a functional solution. The design of the approach used was materialized through the implementation of a scalable and high-fidelity hybrid simulator. A series of tests/benchmarks took effect in order to legitimate the current study, that allowed us to evaluate the integrity, operating cost and limitations present in the infrastructure. The applied assessment confirmed the compliance of the outlined goals and the identification of some limitations related to the hardware.