The Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) is a globally favored fish due to its abundance, nutritional value, and aordability, but it faces quality preservation challenges. To address this, this study aimed to enhance its value by creating low-salt smoked products with natural bioactive compounds from seafood and forest sources. The fish filets were divided into four groups: one as a control, and the others were treated with various bioactive extract solutions, specifically pine bark, mussels, and microalgae. After 15 days of storage at 4◦C, significant dierences in properties were observed. Moisture and salt had an inverse relationship, with decreasing moisture and pH over time. Oxidation levels remained acceptable, although sensory quality was aected by storage. Microbiological analysis uncovered high contamination levels in certain samples at specific points in time, although no pathogens such as Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes were detected. While microalgae extract was the most powerful antioxidant, its performance was hampered by the poor sensory scores. On the other hand, pine bark extract was the most acceptable from a sensory point of view and revealed some antimicrobial inhibition. Using natural antioxidants provides an appealing solution for consumers seeking products with clean labels.

The textile and clothing (T&C) value chain is one of the most polluting in the world and one that produces the most waste. It is, therefore, important to encourage the circular economy (CE) model in this sector to reduce pollution, mitigate the effects of waste production, and, consequently, increase environmental sustainability. Leveraging end-consumer engagement in a CE mindset in the T&C sector is crucial, as they are the last player in a typical linear value chain. Therefore, a platform that supports and promotes sustainable tasks to manage one’s fashion products, through the use of gamification techniques, can be of utmost importance. In this article, we identify impactful carbon footprint consumer actions and solutions for the T&C consumer phase. After that, we survey gamification frameworks for analyzing techniques, at the system design level, which enable the engagement of the final consumer in the CE process. Then, we select and use one of such frameworks, Gameful Design Heuristics (GDH), for defining the gamification structure needed to implement on a business-to-consumer-to-consumer (B2C2C) context of a circular economy process, linking it to the aforementioned actions and solutions. As result, we present a B2C2C circular business process model for the T&C value chain and propose the design model of a gamified platform for the final consumers, which allows them to register the consumer-to-business (C2B) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) activities, from the circular value chain’s business process, and benefit from a game-like experience. All the model features have been mapped to the GDH framework heuristics, validating that it is possible to support a set of defined heuristics of applied gamification for promoting CE in the T&C value chain.

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os determinantes (macro) que influenciam as receitas do turismo de negócios dos países à escala mundial e que podem ser suscetíveis de controlo por parte dos seus agentes económicos e decisores políticos. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo empírico, foi estimado um modelo em painel dinâmico pelo Método dos Momentos Generalizado (GMM), com recurso ao software Gretl 2016a, após a recolha de uma amostra de 122 países, para o período de 2002 a 2013 (12 anos). O estudo mostra que o desenvolvimento de políticas para incrementar o crescimento no curto e longo prazo das receitas do turismo de negócios dos países, deve implicar medidas que estimulem o investimento em capital fixo turístico e o investimento estrangeiro direto.

Sustainability is a topic that is increasingly discussed in society and organizations, leading many companies to adopt communication strategies focused on this theme. The objective of this article was to identify in the literature the ways, means, or tools that companies use to communicate sustainability. This article was based on a systematic review of the literature on the topic, resulting in a final sample of 18 articles from 14 different journals. Seven potential topics were identified in the systematic review: (i) communication strategies, (ii) the relationship between communication and Citation: Borges, E.; Campos, S.; Teixeira, M.S.; Lucas, M.R.; Ferreira-Oliveira, A.T.; Rodrigues, A.S.; Vaz-Velho, M. How Do Companies Communicate Sustainability? A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su15108263 Received: 7 April 2023 Revised: 10 May 2023 Accepted: 16 May 2023 Published: 18 May 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). consumer behavior, (iii) communication and health benefits, (iv) sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR), (v) sustainable business models, (vi) sustainability and process optimization, and (vii) sustainability and environmental impact. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the strategies that companies can use to communicate sustainability are as follows: use new technologies (internet, social networks, websites, etc.), make value propositions based on consumer behaviors, disseminate clear and consistent information, and ensure broader work teams, among others. These results contribute to the advancement of scientific literature and to the definition and implementation of more efficient and effective public policies that facilitate communication between companies and consumers. Finally, this paper offers practical suggestions to formulate sustainable communication strategies.

O presente estudo tem como foco principal averiguar a influência do marketing relacional na construção da lealdade dos clientes no setor do retalho alimentar brasileiro. A lealdade revela o compromisso dos clientes para com uma empresa ou marca, sendo expressa por meio das compras recorrentes, da recomendação a outras pessoas, da atuação como promotores da marca, da escolha frequente, mesmo diante de um mercado com concorrência acirrada. Para contextualizar a temática, realiza-se uma revisão da literatura com aspetos centrais associados ao objeto de estudo, explica-se o marketing relacional, descrevem-se suas ferramentas, e realiza-se uma análise do comportamento do consumidor. No âmbito da metodologia, a pesquisa é de caráter exploratório, com resultados tratados de maneira quantitativa. Um questionário online foi aplicado através da ferramenta Google Forms. O questionário contou com 463 respondentes, dos quais 285 indicaram preferência pelos supermercados objeto do estudo e 178 pessoas selecionaram a opção “outros supermercados”. Os resultados permitiram avaliar a validade das dezessete hipóteses estabelecidas, sendo confirmadas dezesseis hipóteses. Os dados apresentados na pesquisa evidenciaram que o marketing relacional exerce um papel primordial e estratégico na formação da lealdade, favorecendo a confiança, a satisfação e a predileção pela marca. Suas práticas possibilitam a empresa ter uma proximidade com o cliente, conhecê-lo mais profundamente, perceber seus hábitos de compra, recolher dados importantes para adequar ofertas às suas necessidades, e oferecer experiências de compra positivas e personalizadas. Diante do exposto, o marketing relacional, a manutenção do bom atendimento e da qualidade, pode fortalecer o vínculo dos clientes do setor do retalho alimentar brasileiro. A lealdade é fundamental para retenção desses clientes a longo prazo, em suma, para desenvolver uma relação duradoura.

Fish is a highly nutritious food, rich in protein, unsaturated fats, vitamins, and minerals, and its consumption has increased due to the associated health benefits. However, fish processing generates substantial waste, accounting for more than 50% of the total weight of the fish, leading to economic losses. Utilising these byproducts presents an opportunity to reduce waste while enhancing the nutritional profile of food products. By-products from vegetable processing, like Brassica stalks and leaves, create economic and environmental issues, transforming them into flour provides a nutritious, fibre-rich, antioxidant source for food enrichment. The aim of this work was to develop a pâté formulation incorporating Atlantic bonito and Brassica byproducts. A 3factor, 2-level, 32 factorial design was employed to assess the influence of key factors on the pâté’s physicochemical, texture, and sensory properties. The factors evaluated included the concentrations of hydrocolloid (sodium alginate) at 0.5 and 1 % (w/w), Brassica at 1 and 2 % (w/w), and heat treatment temperature at 105 °C and 115 °C. There were significant differences between the different heat treatment temperatures and concentrations of brassica and hydrocolloid in texture, colour, pH, aw, moisture and ash. Sensory analysis identified the formulation containing 2 % Brassica and 1 % hydrocolloid, heat-treated at 115 °C, as having the most desirable characteristics, typical of a high-quality pâté. This study demonstrates the potential for utilizing fish and vegetable by-products to create a nutritionally enriched, sustainable food product.

The domestic cat (Felis catus) has been a popular companion animal for about 12,000 years, initially valued for rodent control before evolving into pets that provide affection and companionship. Unlike dogs, cats were not selectively bred for specific roles until the late 1800s, resulting in breeds defined primarily by appearance, which sometimes leads to genetic disorders. Modern animal welfare concerns emphasize longevity and health, prompting research into factors affecting cat lifespans, including sex, reproductive status, and breed. This study aims to expand on previous UK research by analyzing these interactions and highlighting the potential negative impacts of pure breeding on cat health. Data from 7,708 cats receiving veterinary care in the UK during 2019 were analyzed, focusing on reproductive status, breeding status, age at death, and sex. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Cox proportional hazards models to assess survival differences. The overall mean lifespan of cats in the UK is 11.83 years. Analysis indicates that male cats live shorter lives than females, attributed to higher trauma rates and health issues among males. Neutered/spayed cats generally exhibit longer lifespans compared to entire cats. Tom cats have the shortest lifespan, while spayed females (mollies) live the longest. Moggies tend to outlive both pure and cross-bred cats, suggesting that genetic diversity may contribute to greater longevity. The results of this study emphasize the influence of sex, reproductive status, and cat type on feline lifespan, highlighting the need for targeted health interventions, particularly for male cats. The findings underscore the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in determining the health and longevity of domestic cats. This research not only contributes to existing knowledge but also advocates for the consideration of these variables in future studies and veterinary practices.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the characteristics of the pilgrims and the attributes of travel influence the choose of the Portuguese. It is important to understand the choices tourists make. This study identifies the factors that influence the tourists’ choice of way. The analysis is based on the official statistics of the Portuguese Way of Santiago between 2003 and 2020. The study provides several important findings concerning tourism’s model choice. Understanding the tourists’ modal choice behavior help public and private organizations to develop appropriate marketing strategies. The probit model is used to model a relationship between a dependent variable and the independent variables: Sex, Age and Continent. The independent variables are assumed to affect the choice of Portuguese Way. The model has been estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The estimated coefficients and standard errors disclose the factors that influence Choice of Portuguese. Discrete choice experiments are used for measuring and predicting individuals’ preferences and choices of alternatives and provide quantitative measures of the relative importance of attributes of chooses of the Portuguese way. The study provides several important findings concerning the pilgrim’s modal choice. The social stratum, family cycle, origin country, start city are key elements in explaining the tourist model choice decision. The results of the estimate model reveal that the variables social stratum has a significant and positive impact in the choose of Portuguese way, but the life cycle doesn’t have an impact the dependent variables. Finally, the o religious motivations are a significant and negative effect in the Portuguese Way. Understanding the tourists’ modal choice behavior may help tourism organizations to develop appropriate marketing strategies.

The study aims to characterize, for the first time, the emotional intelligence profile of the tourists visiting the city of Porto as well as to observe its influence on the intention to return and activities perfomed during the stay, along with other sociodemographic factors,To achieve these purposes, we used a sample of 886 responses with the following purposes: on the one hand, to get the emotional intelligence constructs by applying the confirmatory factorial analysis, and on the other hand, to apply a logit model to describe the intention to return. Four constructs of tourists’ emotional intelligence emerged: emotion regulation, emotion use, evaluation of their own emotions, and evaluation of others’ emotions. . The first construct was indicated as the most important leading us to conclude that tourists have the ability to control their own emotions, presenting a strong emotional control. The four constructs and different variables of the tourists’ socio-demographic profile show a positive effect on the intention to return. This type of information is highly useful for the sector since it allows the definition of communication strategies and guides businesses to adapt to the profile of tourists.

A preocupação e reflexão sobre processos de expressão através da cerâmica em contextos de doença mental, conduziu a um estudo que se realizou no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Artística, na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, que pretendeu investigar o contributo da cerâmica como estratégia de melhoria de qualidade da vida de pessoas portadoras de doença e deficiência mental num contexto de atelier ocupacional com atividades artísticas. O contributo das ideias de artistas e de especialistas no âmbito da Educação Artística e o conceito de expressão ajudaram a fundamentar este estudo de natureza qualitativa, por meio de uma investigação-ação, através da dinamização de uma intervenção no contexto da Casa de Saúde S. João de Deus, em Barcelos, com um grupo de doze residentes da Instituição que desenvolveram a sua atividade ocupacional num atelier de cerâmica até 2020. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio de observação participante, notas de campo, diário, registos visuais, entrevistas e os trabalhos artísticos. A observação e análise das imagens provaram o saber manusear e desenvolver trabalhos artísticos em cerâmica. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir o contributo que a cerâmica tem na vida dos participantes.