Only very recently has research been developed on the syntactic variation in Spoken European Portuguese Varieties in Funchal (Madeira Island). This research is largely due to the Agreement Project (Projeto Concordância) which involves the participation of both Portuguese and Brazilian researchers. In this project, an Agreement Corpus, or Corpus Concordância, was established, with 27 sociolinguistically controlled interviews which are integrated in the, Sociolinguistic Corpus of Funchal (Corpus Sociolingístico do Funchal, or CSF). This article, based on the assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics, in particular the importance of social variables in linguistic variation, intends to contribute to the syntactic characterization of the Popular European Portuguese Spoken in Funchal (or PEP-Funchal). The results of several studies on variable syntactic phenomena – pronominal realization of the direct object function and the variable verbal third-person plural agreement, among others – demonstrate a marked preference for non-standard uses in Madeiran speakers with little schooling, who are more or less stigmatized in the community. This variety has its own structural characteristics, whose sociolinguistic nature carries identity features, configured in a Madeiran Popular Portuguese.   Keywords Sociolinguistic Variation; Popular European Portuguese Spoken Variety of Funchal; Syntactic Variation; Madeira Island.

The first reference to the “juiz dos resíduos e provedor das capelas, hospitais, albergarias, gafarias e órfãos” in Madeira Island is from the late 15th century. His functions were the same as his equals located throughout the Portuguese kingdom. The importance of his activity as a guardian of the wills obedience gave him a specific jurisdictional function inside the community life of the emerging insular society. His presence in Madeira’s institutional context remains until 1832, when it was formally extinguished. This essay is divided in two fundamental points. The first one is focused on an analysis of this officer legal framework and his jurisdictional activity since the late 15th century until 1832, demonstrating the legal evolution and having attention to the particularities of the “sistema vincular” and its prevalence until 1863 when it was abolished. Secondly, the focus will be given on the officers who held this institutional position, the reasons why they were chosen and their main activity.   Keywords Madeira; “Resíduos e Capelas”; Legislation; Officers; Activity.

The reform of the “vincular” legislation in 1860, whose application was affected by the law of January 19th, 1861, led to the elaboration of a historical source of the most interest: the “Registo Vincular”, which was written between November 20th, 1862, and April 10th, 1863. This source materialised in three volumes detailed the “vincular” institutions of 15 administrators in Funchal’s administrative district. Taking into account that those “vínculos” were composed by a considerable amount of assets, who were able to generate income for its holders, this source’s content is suitable of providing important knowledge of an economic reality of Madeira’s archipelago, more specifically, the rustic and urban property, that, because of its “vincular” condition, remained outside the trade circuit, and was not able of providing any income for the Portuguese Crown.Our analysis of the “vincular” phenomenon in Madeira at its final stage is composed by three moments. First, the verification of the conditions that originate this source, more specifically, the law’s application regarding this subject, and also the understanding of the reason for the presence of only 15 administrators. Then, we made a comparative analysis on the “vínculos” that have been registered, focusing on the assets, its location, evaluation and annual income. Finally, we proposed an exercise attentive to a possible link between the “Registo Vincular” and the tax reform on direct contributions that the Portuguese Crown wished to implement on Madeira’s archipelago.   Keywords Madeira; “Vínculos”; Registration; Property.

This article is a synthesis of the history of the Casa de Saúde (Health House) S. João de Deus, Funchal, from 1960 to 2018. It begins by summarizing the backgrounds: it gives notes on the economy, the sugarcane and wine cycles, as alcoholism factors, tourism and migration. It recalls the first reference to alienated people, the role of the Misericórdia Hospital in Funchal, the reaction of Miguel Bombarda and the short existence of the Manicómio Câmara Pestana (1906-1925). It refers to various attempts to associate the Brothers of St. John of God with the care of the mentally ill in Madeira and its protagonists, and finally the foundation and inauguration (1922 and 1924) and evolution from 1924 to 1960: buildings, patient increase, therapeutical means, occupational therapies and human resources.It highlights the growing number of inpatients and facilities. It points out the trends in deinstitutionalization, social and community psychiatry, new psychopharmaceuticals, revolving door, specific treatment of alcoholics to explain the progressive reduction of hospitalized patients. The construction and renovation of buildings for alcoholics, acute patients, cultural and occupational activities (sports center, laundry / clothes shop, workshops and psychosocial rehabilitation units). It describes the evolution of the technical staff and other human resources, compulsory hospitalization of patients by the courts, creation of rehabilitation units, re-qualification of some buildings and suppression of architectural barriers. And as the Health House went from five treatment units and valences to 12 in parallel with processes of quality and accreditation, functioning of the School of Hospitality and official and private partnerships. Numerous technical training actions, congresses, meetings and conventions organized by the Casa de Saúde and the Instituto S. João de Deus, as well as the cultural acts to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the Casa de Saúde and publications, will be referenced. The technical human resources until 2018, recent valences and statistics of patients and partnerships will be referred to. It will end with some medium-term care perspectives and essential bibliographical references. Keywords Casa de Saúde (Health House) S. João de Deus; Funchal – Madeira; Mental Health and Psychiatry; Alienated People; Alcoholism; History of Mental Health Services; Madeiran Psychiatrists; History of Madeira.

Tolentino Mendonça was born in 1965 on the Island of Madeira (Machico). Considered by many as one of the most representative poets of the new generation of Portuguese writers, Tolentino is the poet of saudade, of childhood, of the Body. His poetry is much more than mere simplicity or feeling; it is the poetry of affection, of the plurality of meanings, of the insularity of silence, from which a world – that of the materiality of the Body – is exposed.In A Noite Abre Meus Olhos – Poesia reunida, the reader is not only brought back by the intricacies of memory, but is also confronted not with the Body as finitude, but as «fuga para a pluralidade dos sentidos», as «Verbo», without cutting the umbilical cord with the Soul. Here the five senses take shape and the limpidity of the verses acquire the contours of a Body. Keywords Poetry; Memory; Insularity; Body.

Diogo de Azambuja and Melo was a Madeira governor of the late 16th century, a position with which he ended a long career in the Portuguese overseas empire, and hold already in the service of the dual monarchy.The insular function exercise had to respond to several issues that the new political situation demanded, but the fact that Madeira had been his last post came to allow him to perform an inventory, that reveals not only of his geographical itinerary and political career but also curious aspects related to his education and interests. The inventory, long and detailed, is thus a unique document, because rare, and a privileged observation post for the life of a member of the administrative and military elite of the empire. Keywords Diogo de Azambuja e Melo; Governor; Empire; Madeira Island; Inventory.

Tourism in Madeira has been a common subject of recent studies, which analyse the current tourist phenomenon, especially throughout the 20th century. About what took place prior to that, only a few annotations remain. We can guarantee, and are not the only ones to state, that the history of Madeira’s tourism is still in the making.Being the island of Madeira a tourist destination par excellence, it is required to know its background, the start of tourism on the Island, from an historical but also practical perspective.These days information is an indispensable tool, knowledge over this study’s subject is a must, for all those who might be interested in areas such as History, Culture, Tourism and, of course, Madeira.The main objective of the present study was to uncover the background in which Madeira’s tourism originated, emphasizing particularly on the 19th century, through the identification of 1800’s Madeira’s Tourist Supply and Demand. We do not seek to present the history of tourism on the Island, instead we intend to contribute for a better understanding of Madeira’s tourist phenomenon in a relatively recent past.In the pursuit of such objectives we called upon several sources, mainly articles and other types of literature, previously published, about the beginning of tourism on the Island. English travel literature, allusive to Madeira, provided the most valuable data.With the obtained results, we intend to answer the following questions, relative to the 19th century: (i) What was the tourist demand; (ii) Were there travelers, visitors or tourists, that came through here; (iii) Which were the factors of attractiveness; (iv) Which were the different forms in which tourism presented itself.Given the almost absolute absence of studies in this area, we deemed relevant to elaborate this article, and hope that it becomes useful for all those who, up to this point, have felt that need for information. KeywordsCulture; Tourism; Madeira.

In this article we seek to contribute to a larger historical problematization of the question of autonomy in Madeira, providing elements for a more in-depth reflexion on the subject. Our scope is to identify the main guidelines in the history of the autonomist protest, namely the demand for financial autonomy, a sine qua non condition for an effective administrative and political autonomy, as well as the feeling that the archipelago was voted to abandonment by the central goverment. A central goverment which, in the opinion of the regional elites, would only be interested in collecting the tax revenues coming from Madeira, and not in investing enough in the socio-economic development of the island. Additionally, our approach will demonstrate the absence of linearity in the history of the Madeiran autonomist protest. In fact, this protest has experienced moments of greater intensity, but also others of stagnation and even silence, according to the national political context, the political regimes and the regional political and economic circumstances. We can thus see advances and setbacks in the history of the autonomist protest, as in the case of many other historical processes. As such, we seek to give an overview of the historical question of autonomy in Madeira, adopting a “long-term” perspective and considering a prolonged chronological period prior to 1976. Keywords Madeira; Autonomy; Regionalism; Portuguese Political History; 1976 Constitution.

The documental and museum assets of the Portuguese working class and trade union movement, including the assets from Portugal’s Autonomous Region of Madeira (ARM), are generally little-known. It is for the owners of those assets to play a more dynamic role in their treatment and disclosure, while, at the same time, alerting for the urgency of state authorities developing a more assertive action, in order to identify, know and protect those assets.This is the context of the text we present, since its aim is contributing to popularize the documents under the General Confederation of Portuguese Workers – National Interunions (CGTP-IN) custody, particularly those that may be the base for the study of the trade union movement in the ARM and its relationship with this union confederation. Research focused on the archive of the CGTP-IN Coordination and Organisation departments and on the Manuel Lopes Collection. We did not target the assets under ARM custody.The management of this asset is carried out by CGTP-IN’s Archive and Documentation Centre (ADC), reason why we conclude our text with an historical and organic background of this service. Keywords CGTP-IN; Archive and Documentation Centre; Trade Union Movement in Madeira; United Trade Union Movement; Documental and Museum Assets; CAMSI; USAM.

In the Archipelago of Madeira, “Easter visits” take place from Easter Sunday to the day of Pentecost. To accompany the insignia of the Holy Spirit, go children called “saloias”. In practically all the parishes in which they participate, they are girls. These young girls are dressed by a special way. In the research carried out in all counties, there were cases with boys. This is what we intend to talk about here. Are the masculine and the feminine equivalent? Why the predominance of girls in the visits? Why the shortage of boys? How does the presence of both differ? These are some of the questions that are to be addressed, condensing the problematic in the question of the grammatical gender (masculine/feminine) of the term that triggered a research in the Linguistic Patrimony of the Autonomous Region of Madeira: the use of the term “saloia” for “girl who accompanies the insignia of the Holy Spirit”. Keywords Archipelago of Madeira; Visits of the Insignia of the Holy Spirit; Saloias; Saloios; Linguistic Gender.