O contexto tecnológico em que vivemos é uma realidade. E a tendência é para ser assim também no futuro. Cada vez mais. É o caso das representações de locais e entidades em mapas digitais na web. Na visão de Crocker (2014), esta tendência é ainda mais acentuada, no âmbito das aplicações móveis, como mostram as mais diversas location-based applications. No setor do desporto e da respetiva gestão nem sempre foi fácil desenvolver aplicações, recorrendo a este tipo de representações espaciais. A tecnologia não era fácil e o know-how não era adequadamente qualificado. Mas, as empresas fornecedoras de tecnologia geoespacial simplificaram o desenvolvimento de aplicações web nesta área, através da utilização de application programming interfaces (API). Como refere Svennerberg (2010), estas API’s servem de interface entre um serviço proporcionado por uma empresa, caso da Google Maps (2013) e uma aplicação web ou móvel que utiliza esses serviços. Foi com este objetivo que desenvolvemos uma aplicação web, utilizando as metodologias próprias neste domínio, como a framework de Zachman (2009), tal como foi originalmente adaptada por Whitten e Bentley (2005), onde um dos módulos é precisamente a representação de espaços desportivos, recorrendo à utilização dos serviços da Google Maps. Para além disso, toda a aplicação é suportada numa abordagem Model-View-Control (MVC). Para conseguir representar as instalações desportivas num mapa, criámos uma base de dados MySQL, com dados de longitude e latitude, de cada instalação desportiva. Através de JavaScript criou-se o mapa propriamente dito, indicando o tipo (mapa de estradas, satélite ou street view) e as respetivas opções (nível de zoom, alinhamento, controlo de interface e posicionamente, entre muitas outras opções). O passo seguinte consistiu em passar os dados para o frontend da aplicação web. Para isso, recorreu-se à integração do PHP com as livrarias externas de código JavaSrcipt, criadas especificamente para o efeito (caso da MarkerManager). A implementação destas funcionalidades permite georeferenciar todos os tipos e géneros de espaços desportivos de um concelho, região ou País. Obteve-se ainda know-how, background e massa crítica, para o desenvolvimento de novas funcionalidades. A sua utilização em dispositivos móveis é outra das possibilidades atualmente já em desenvolvimento.

Natural history collections constitute an enormous wealth of information of Life on Earth. It is estimated that over 2 billion specimens are preserved at institutions worldwide, of which less than 10% are accessible via biodiversity data aggregators such as GBIF. Moreover, they are a very important resource for eco-evolutionary research, which greatly depends on knowing the precise location where the specimens were collected in order to characterize the environment in which they lived. Yet, only about 55% of the accessible records are georeferenced and only 31% have coordinate uncertainty information, which is critical for conducting rigorous studies. The awareness of this gap of knowledge which hinders the enormous potential of such data in research led to the organization of a workshop which brought together key players in georeferencing of natural history collections. The discussion and outcomes of this workshop are here presented.

ABSTRACT: Fascioliasis is a zoonosis of global distribution caused by the parasitic trematode Fasciola spp. Infection in humans can occur in areas endemic for animal fascioliasis, suggesting the need for studies on this parasitosis and its determinants. This exploratory study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of bovine fascioliasis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, based on cases notified between 2015 and 2017 in a state abattoir, located in the municipality of Orleans, and to associate disease occurrence with altitude, temperature, and rainfall. The research was conducted at Centro Universitário Barriga Verde (UNIBAVE)/Orleans, SC and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Rio de Janeiro, RJ. During the study period, the abattoir received animals from 58 municipalities in that state. Of the animals slaughtered in that period, 10,81% were infected with Fasciola hepatica. Presence of bovine fascioliasis infection was identified in the South and Southeast regions of the state, with higher prevalence rates in the latter. There was an association between low altitudes and higher occurrence of cases in the municipalities assessed. In addition, prevalence of bovine fascioliasis was higher in municipalities with high temperatures and low rainfall. Therefore, these results should be considered for planning disease control measures in the South and Southeast regions of the state of Santa Catarina.

ABSTRACT The use of renewable materials and more sustainable processes are essential to minimize the negative impacts of population growth. Bamboo is a viable alternative, because it is a product with potential properties for wood replacement. However, to achieve a good yield, it is necessary to identify suitable sites for the forestry of the species. This study aimed to forecast favorable areas for the best establishment and development of Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus giganteus in the Brazilian territory, functioning as a zoning for edaphoclimatic aptitude that can support decision-making. It was performed using georeferenced points of natural occurrence for the species, collected from a virtual herbarium. The environmental variables were extracted from the WorldClim, MOD16 and SoilGrids databases. In order to select the set of variables to be used for modeling each species, a correlation test was performed. From this result, ten environmental variables were used for each species, and non-correlated variables were chosen. A principal component analyses was applied to select the variables that better explained variability. For the distribution map, the Maxent algorithm was used, based on the principle of maximum entropy, evaluated by the AUC and TSS metrics. Bambusa vulgaris presents a large area for adaptation in the Brazilian territory, unlike the Dendrocalamus giganteus species, which showed a limited aptitude area.

Due to the importance of coffee to the economy of Brazil and the increase of areas even in zone with water deficits during the year, it is necessary to study the factors involved in its production, especially for mechanized and selective harvesting. At this stage coffee farmers find it difficult to determine the appropriate time to start. This research was carried out to evaluating the spatial variation of force detachment of the coffee fruits (green and cherry) under center pivot through geostatistical methods, semivariogram analysis and kriging interpolation, to improve management for harvest mechanical and selective coffee. The test was carried out at Farm Sao Joao Grande, in Presidente Olegario/MG, in a pivot 50.0 ha. The cultivar used was the “Catuai Vermelho IAC 144”, planted in a circular way in December 2000, spaced 4.0 x 0.5 m. The sampling grid was irregular with 100 points georeferenced where each point corresponds to 4 plants. The determination of force detachment was conducted using a digital dynamometer at each sampling point. Within the maturation stages, green fruits presented detachment force greater than the cherry. The semivariogram and kriging allowed to characterize the variability of force detachment between the studied fruits. The kriging maps make it possible to farmers the choice the best place and the right time to start harvest mechanized and selective coffee and consequently, improved final product quality and profits.

ABSTRACT The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is the basis for localized crop management by allowing the georeferencing of collected data and the generation of maps by different systems that compose precision agriculture. There is a demand for low-cost navigation systems to enable their use in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this study is to integrate a low-cost GNSS module to a single-board computer using Kalman filtering to obtain navigation data. The system was evaluated by performing one static and two kinematic experiments, with three repetitions each. In the static experiment, the mean error was 3.25 m with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.73 m. In the first kinematic experiment, data variability was lower at a velocity of 1.39 m s−1. In the second kinematic experiment, the mean error was 1.26 and 1.13 m, and the RMSE was 1.45 and 1.27 m for data obtained before and after filtering, respectively. In conclusion, the system reduces the lateral errors in linear sections but is not indicated for sections that change direction. Moreover, this system can be used in agricultural applications such as soil sampling and crop yield monitoring.

In this paper, an agent-based model that predicts a daily evolution of the number of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19 is presented, including results for 2020. In addition, the number of deaths, reported cases, asymptomatic individuals and other epidemiological variables of interest, discriminated by age range, are considered. The most relevant characteristics of the climate in Paraná city (Entre Ríos,  Argentina), its social dynamics and public transportation are considered as inputs, taking also into account the different phases of isolation and social distancing. By means of a set of Hidden Markov Models, the system reproduces virus transmission associated with people’s mobility and activities in the city. Spread of the virus in the host is also simulated by following the stages of the disease, and by considering the existence of comorbidities and a proportion of asymptomatic infected people. By adjusting the model to match the data on hospitalizations in intensive care units and deaths due to COVID-19 in the city under study, the system can be operated to analyze the impact of isolation and social distancing measures on the population dynamics. In addition, it allows simulating combinations of characteristics leading to a potential collapse in the health system due to lack of infrastructure, as well as predicting the impact of social events or the increase in people’s mobility.

Abstract The recovery of degraded areas is imperative for the sustainability of mining activities. The main action implemented to improve the chemical, physical and biological conditions of soils, tailings and sterile deposits is the incorporation of organic material. Biosolids (hygienized sewage sludge) are among the organic materials that can be applied. However, considering the health risk they represent, not all areas are suitable for receiving this waste. The present research sought to map the environmental suitability of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) region to assess the applicability of biosolids. For this purpose, maps were elaborated using restrictive criteria established for the safe application of this residue to the soil by means of the Geographic Information System (GIS), using the ArcGIS software, version 10.2. The established criteria were pedology, topography, hydromorphism, presence of protected areas, soil texture, susceptibility to erosion, proximity to urban areas and their overlaps to obtain the final suitability areas. For the exclusion of areas that presented legal restrictions, the criteria of protected area, areas close to water bodies, urban areas, shallow soils and a slope greater than 45% were used, as established in literature, in CONAMA 498/2020 and in the Forest Law - Federal Law 12,652 of 2012. Of the areas analyzed, 58.5% were suitable for biosolid application, equivalent to 10,858.3 ha of the 18,587 ha studied, indicating the feasibility of biosolids application in part of the QF area to be recovered.

Abstract The junction angles in fluvial channels are determined from complex erosion and deposition processes, resulting from river-flow dynamics, bed and margin morphology, and so on. Knowledge regarding these angles is important in order to better understand the existing conditions in a basin. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to determine the junction angles on fluvial channels, called α, β and γ, applying the law of cosines. Georeferenced Google Earth Pro images and UAV images were used. Then, the values calculated from the georeferenced aerial images were compared with the values calculated from the minimum energy principle. To visualize and understand the obtained angles, the Junction Angles Diagram was used. The obtained result shows that the methodology using georeferenced aerial images have good performance for determining junction angles on fluvial channels.

The publication of the Law 10,267 of 08/28/2001 changed the paradigm of rural registration in Brazil, because this law known as the "Law of Georeferencing" has created the National Registration of Rural Property, that unifies in a common basis different registrations present in several government agencies, such as the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the Secretariat of Federal Revenue, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, and the National Indian Foundation. Also, this new registration system has a graphical component which has not existed until such date, where the boundaries of rural property are georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System. This new paradigm has resulted in a standardization of the survey and its representation of rural properties according to the Technical Standard for Georeferencing of Rural Properties, published by INCRA in compliance with the new legislation. Due to the georeferencing, the creation of a public GIS of free access on the Internet was possible. Among the difficulties found it may be observed the great Brazilian territory, the need for specialized professionals, and especially the certification process that INCRA has to perform for each georeferenced property. It is hoped that this last difficulty is solved with the implementation of the Land Management System that will allow automated and online certification, making the process more transparent, agile and fast.