Healthcare professionals’ lack of training has been considered the leading cause of unacceptable suffering in light of current knowledge. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) is a 41-item tool used to measure healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward pain management. It is a useful tool to diagnose training needs and evaluate the proficiency of training actions. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate a Portuguese version of the KASRP (KASRP-PT) in a sample of nurses. A methodological study was conducted in six phases. The Portuguese version was reached by panel consensus and tested in a sample of 34 nurses for assessment of its conceptual, semantic, and content equivalence. The resulting version was assessed by a panel through the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI). For metric analysis, item difficulty and discrimination indices were estimated. Internal consistency was calculated using the Kuder-Richardson formula and temporal stability (15-day interval) was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (95% CI). For conceptual, semantic, and content equivalence, some items were revised, with I-CVI ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and mean S-CVI was 0.98. In a sample of 188 nurses, the KASRP-PT showed tolerable metric properties with low difficulty (0.67) and discrimination (0.26) indices, questionable homogeneity (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.627), and moderate temporal stability (ICC 95% CI of 0.552 (0.193-0.744). The KASRP-PT can be a useful tool if some items are deleted to improve its validity and reliability. The use of a shorter 29-item version is recommended.

This article aims to identify the usefulness of some of the main techniques of Neuro-LinguisticProgramming (NLP) for the training of people in leadership positions. The work was developed through conducting qualitative research, collecting data through questionnaires, recording of the NLP training sessions and literary studies of issues surroundingthe topic of research. Thus, the study becomes important to identify how participating in training associated with new human development techniques can help people who use these techniques to achieve better results in their professional life as a team leader in a short period of time, noting that training a encourages the personal and professional development of its participants.

This paper aims to analyze the processes of integration of employees with disabilities of a higher education institution, in order to evaluate the well-being of these employees and the return potential they offer. It is notorious that this fact raises concerns and doubts about the methodology used in the inclusion of these professionals in the market and, in this case, more specific in the universities, thus identifying the training through a research where it was applied to the managers and people with disabilities forms that brought information crucial to the completion of the work and the preparation of the contractors to perform their assigned function, company structure and accessibility in buildings.

This research work draws on previous experimental research and aims to further develop and refine a biosignal measurement device that will allow the capture of a swimmer’s biosignals via Bluetooth. It also encompasses the construction of a dashboard that will allow a swimming instructor or coach to monitor and improve the athletes’ swimming practice.

The aims of the present study were to assess critical velocity using the swimmer curriculum in front crawl events and to compare critical velocity to the velocity corresponding to a 4 mmol·l(-1) of blood lactate concentration and to the velocity of a 30 min test. The sample included 24 high level male swimmers ranged between 14 and 16 years old. For each subject the critical velocity, the velocity corresponding to a 4 mmol·l(-1) of blood lactate concentration and the mean velocity of a 30 min test were determined. The critical velocity was also estimated by considering the best performance of a swimmer over several distances based on the swimmer curriculum. Critical velocity including 100, 200 and 400 m events was not different from the velocity of 4 mmol·l(-1) of blood lactate concentration. Critical velocity including all the swimmer events was not different from the velocity of a 30 min test. The assessment of critical velocity based upon the swimmer curriculum would therefore seem to be a good approach to determine the aerobic ability of a swimmer. The selection of the events to be included in critical velocity assessment must be a main concern in the evaluation of the swimmer. Key pointsCritical velocity using 100, 200 and 400 m events was not different from the velocity of 4 mmol·l(-1) of blood lactate concentration.Critical velocity using all the swimmer events was not different from the velocity of a 30 min test.The assessment of critical velocity based upon the swimmer curriculum seemed to be a good approach to determine the aerobic capacity of a swimmer.The decision on the events to be analysed must be a main concern in the evaluation of the swimmer critical velocity.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an entrepreneurship training and education programme, which has already had five editions in the Sabor region of Portugal’s northern interior. This evaluation was conducted in order to propose new guidelines to improve the Sabor Entrepreneurship Programme (SEP). Design/methodology/approach – The research included primary data collection using mixed methods (i.e. quantitative and qualitative). Questionnaires were distributed to 103 entrepreneurs who participated in the SEP, and interviews were conducted with entities involved in developing this programme. The data were processed using cross-sectional content analysis of the interviews and descriptive analysis of the completed questionnaires in order to ascertain the opinions of all the parties involved in the SEP. Findings – The results show that the SEP has been modified throughout the five editions, which has contributed to better performance. Based on the findings, new guidelines were proposed for the programme, such as the implementation of new phases and improvement of various methods used. The proposed phases include the validation and full development of business ideas, management decision training for entrepreneurs, help with financing solutions and support during new companies’ first three years. The results also indicate that the SEP needs to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem that includes public policies and the involvement of other local entities that are active in the region and that have the skills entrepreneurs need. Originality/value – This study’s findings have theoretical and practical implications, which provide empirical evidence of how evaluating entrepreneurship education and training programmes can make them more effective and efficient. In addition, the results contribute to the evolution of the existing knowledge about entrepreneurial ecosystems

Warm-up procedures have become relevant for coaches, researchers, and sports professionals in recent years. Several studies have been conducted to verify the effects of different preactivities, regarding differing volume, intensity, rest, and specificity, and the warm-up is now widely accepted as an essential practice to improve performance. Research is now focusing on the effects of static and dynamic stretches, postactivation potentiation phenomenon, and optimization of waiting periods with passive warm-up approaches. in this brief review, we critically analyze the emerging methods and strategies of warm-up that have been investigated and used before competitive events.

The aim of this study was to assess the pooled and individual response of male swimmers over two consecutive years of training and identify the energetic and biomechanical factors that most contributed for the final performance. Nine competitive swimmers (20.0 ± 3.54 years old; 10.1 ± 3.41 years of training experience; 1.79 ± 0.07 m of height; 71.34 ± 8.78 kg of body mass; 22.35 ± 2.02 kg·m(-2) of body mass index; 1.86 ± 0.07 m of arm span; 116.22 ± 4.99 s of personal record in the 200 m long course freestyle event) performed an incremental test in six occasions to obtain the velocity at 4 mmol of blood lactate (V4) and the peak blood lactate concentrations (Lapeak) as energetics, and the stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL), stroke index and swim efficiency as biomechanical variables. Performance was determined based on official time's lists of 200 m freestyle event. Slight non-significant improvements in performance were determined throughout the two season period. All energetic and biomechanical factors also presented slight non-significant variations with training. Swimmers demonstrat-ed high inter-individual differences in the annual adaptations. The best performance predictors were the V4, SF and SL. Each unit of change V4, SF and SL represented an enhancement of 0.11 s, 1.21 s and 0.36 s in performance, respectively. The results show that: (i) competitive male swimmers need at least two consecutive seasons to have slight improvements in performance, energetics and biomechanical profiles; (ii) major improvements in competition performance can be accomplished by improving the V4, SF and SL based on the individual background. Key PointsElite swimmers are able to demonstrate slight changes in performance, energetic and biomechanical characteristics at least during two seasons of training;Additional improvements in competition performance can be accomplished by manipulating the V4, SF and SL based on the individual background.Each unit of change V4, SF and SL represent an enhancement of 0.11 s, 1.21 s and 0.36 s in performance, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drafting distance on the drag coefficient in swimming. A k-epsilon turbulent model was implemented in the commercial code Fluent(®) and applied to the fluid flow around two swimmers in a drafting situation. Numerical simulations were conducted for various distances between swimmers (0.5-8.0 m) and swimming velocities (1.6-2.0 m.s(-1)). Drag coefficient (Cd) was computed for each one of the distances and velocities. We found that the drag coefficient of the leading swimmer decreased as the flow velocity increased. The relative drag coefficient of the back swimmer was lower (about 56% of the leading swimmer) for the smallest inter-swimmer distance (0.5 m). This value increased progressively until the distance between swimmers reached 6.0 m, where the relative drag coefficient of the back swimmer was about 84% of the leading swimmer. The results indicated that the Cd of the back swimmer was equal to that of the leading swimmer at distances ranging from 6.45 to 8. 90 m. We conclude that these distances allow the swimmers to be in the same hydrodynamic conditions during training and competitions. Key pointsThe drag coefficient of the leading swimmer decreased as the flow velocity increased.The relative drag coefficient of the back swimmer was least (about 56% of the leading swimmer) for the smallest inter-swimmer distance (0.5 m).The drag coefficient values of both swimmers in drafting were equal to distances ranging between 6.45 m and 8.90 m, considering the different flow velocities.The numerical simulation techniques could be a good approach to enable the analysis of the fluid forces around objects in water, as it happens in swimming.

Within the development of sporting careers, there are several studies that show the importance of inner and contextual factors. According to several patterns, this development is associated with a long, ongoing and deliberate process. But in what concerns football referee, research on the topic is scarce. The aim of our study was to identify recognised factors to sustain excellence in football referee, exploit training conditions and the Portuguese football referee’s professional career development. Five semi-structured interviews were carried out with football referees and former referees who reached the category of international in football or futsal, adopting a transversal retrospective design. Results show that: a referee of excellence needs to gather a set of personal cognitive, physical and socioemotional skills; the significant interventions of the Portuguese Football Federation in what concerns training and positioning of the referees’ career, with the introduction of a National Training Plan and the amendments on the Football referee Regulation has had an impact on the geographical distribution of the referees from national frameworks and has contributed to the meteoric rising of some members; it isn’t ensured a training process in equal conditions to all the country’s referees in lower classes.