Objective: Estimate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use by adult women at a Family Health Unit and identify the risk factors associated with this usage. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study that employed secondary data developed at a Family Health Unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We collected the data from the following sources: medical charts, registration forms, and the archive of prescriptions from the pharmacy at the referred health unit. We employed the chi-squared, Student’s t, and Mann-Whitney tests, as well as logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 81 benzodiazepine users amongst 1,094 adult women (7.4%). Regarding the risk factors, the comparison between the groups of benzodiazepine users (n = 64) and non-users (n = 70) showed that having a chronic disease and using other psychotropic drugs were significantly associated with the use of benzodiazepines. Conclusion: The prevalence found was lower than the described in previous studies performed in Primary Health Units. The group that must receive greater attention regarding the consumption of benzodiazepines is that of middle-aged women or older, with low education levels, and chronic illnesses.

In recent years, heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors has proved to be efficient for the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants, such as drugs. Among some photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been studied and applied for this purpose. Therefore, this work investigated the photocatalytic degradation of the antipsychotic clozapine under ultraviolet irradiation, using suspended and supported TiO2 in polystyrene material. Some experimental parameters were evaluated through a factorial design 23; a higher degradation rate of the compound was verified using 0.15 g of the immobilized catalyst, [H2O2] of 340 mg L-1 and pH 9, after 6 h of treatment. It was possible to obtain degradations above 93.48% and a two-stage model was proposed to describe the reaction kinetics. An artificial neural network was used to model the photocatalytic process and to determine the importance of the operational variables. It was also established that the use of this treatment resulted in 78.30% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) under optimized conditions. In addition, the stability of TiO2 support after five consecutive cycles was verified from reuse tests. However, by means of toxicological tests with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, it was observed that the products generated by the reaction were more toxic than the original compound.

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The main objective of this work was to analyze the pattern of prescription of psychiatric drugs before and during the pandemic by the new coronavirus in the Family Health Units in the municipality of Pinhais-PR. This is a retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study based on the collection of secondary data on the prescription of psychiatric drugs from the 11 Family Health Units in the municipality of Pinhais, Paraná, from 2018 to 2020. Computer systems were used to access information referring to: prescription, sex, active ingredient, Family Health Unit and year. In this study, gender inequalities in the pattern of prescription of psychiatric drugs are evident, even with a 10% increase in prescriptions for men during the pandemic, women continue to be asymmetrically psychiatrized and medicalized. It is considered that identifying the pattern of prescription and consumption of psychiatric drugs in Primary Health Care can contribute to drawing a line of care in the context of mental health during and after the Covid-19 pandemic, since a large part of users with mental disorders and psychological distress should be monitored at this level of care.

Chemical dependence on alcohol presents factors limiting treatment such as the occurrence of relapses, lack of therapeutic adherence, neurological disorders associated with or resulting from alcohol and synergistic, toxic or zero effects of alcohol.  The present study aimed to identify the potential interactions between drugs and drug-alcohol in patients with treatment of chemical dependence on alcohol treated by a Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and Drugs. Thus, a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was carried out, developed during experiences experienced in the Health Work Education Program, interprofessionality theme. Data from 31 patients were evaluated from the analysis of medical records, as well as the evaluation of the book of records for dispensing psychotropic drugs. It was found that the patients seen in the unit were mostly male and aged between 19 and 59 years, 48.4% were smokers and 58.0% used illicit drugs. We identified 41 potential drug interactions (IM), as well as the occurrence of interactions between alcohol and prescribed medications. The evaluation of prescriptions, as well as the profile of these patients, demonstrated the importance of performing a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of alcoholic patients, who are subject to numerous reactions resulting from MI and drug interactions with alcohol, avoiding situations of therapeutic failure, besides minimizing adverse events that may occur.

Benzodiazepines whose pharmacological properties provide sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant actions are the most widely used psychotropic drugs with potential to cause chemical dependence. The objective was to analyze the use of benzodiazepines by medical students and their systemic effects and on the levels of attention, anxiety and school performance, since the sedative and hypnotic effects of this drug are potentiated and may reflect in a depressant action on the System. Central Nervous. This is a descriptive-exploratory and cross-sectional research, in which an electronic questionnaire was applied on the use of psychoactive substances, specifically benzodiazepines, in academics enrolled from the 1st to the 9th period of medicine at a medical school in the south of the State of Tocantins, aged over 18 years, both sexes. Of the 126 responses, 64.3% (81) were female and 35.7% (45) were male. It is observed that the most used drug is clonazepam 0.5mg, followed by alprazolam 0.5mg and in amounts equal to alprazolam 1mg and 2mg, clonazepam 2mg and diazepam 5mg and 10mg. The vulnerability of students at the interface to the mental health scenario has increasingly been in line with anxious and depressive profiles, which were evidenced in the present study. The research found that the use of benzodiazepines by medical students is associated with the strenuous routine of studies and the volume of requirements for preparing a doctor, which evolves to the use of medication after entering college.

An integrative review of the literature carried out in the “Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde” (BVS), sought to identify the main problems related to the use of psychotropic drugs in the elderly and propose solutions. The main problems identified were adverse reactions, risk of falls and drug interactions. Three proposals were suggested to reduce their occurrences: the adoption of an electronic prescription program, the adoption of educational measures and / or pharmacotherapeutic follow-up with these patients. 

Abstract Introduction There is an unpredictable pattern in the prescription of antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly in resource-limited settings in developing countries. Objective To determine the psychotropic prescriptions given to patients with schizophrenia in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital and to describe the choices and trends of these prescriptions. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of prescriptions for adults with schizophrenia. After clinical consultation, patients’ case notes were randomly selected over a period of 2 years. Using a structured form, data were extracted from the case notes including biodemographic data, psychotropic medications prescribed and changes made to these prescriptions. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Results A total of 103 patients were selected, with a mean age of 35.96±9.78 years; 48.5% were males and 51.5% were females; 33% were unemployed and 38% had been hospitalized in the past. There were 231 initial prescriptions and 228 current prescriptions, with about 2.2 prescriptions per patient. Haloperidol (mean dose 14.77±6.28mg and 11.44±5.55mg for initial and current) and other old-generation antipsychotics were the most commonly prescribed for new cases (98%). Mean duration of psychotropic use was 7.78±5.6 years. All the patients were prescribed trihexyphenidyl, and 56.3% of the patients had their medications changed as a result of side effects. Conclusion There was a very high preference for the use of first-generation antipsychotics for all treatment settings (in- and outpatients), a pattern that is likely to persist.

A politerapia é uma prática útil no tratamento de patologias coexistentes ou para potencializar o efeito farmacológico em condições pouco responsivas, porém apresenta risco para reações adversas e interações medicamentosas. Nosso objetivo foi identificar interações medicamentosas e classificá-las quanto ao risco, para medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial dispensados na Farmácia Distrital Centro, do Centro de Saúde Santa Marta (FDC/CSSM), em Porto Alegre, RS. A amostra constituiu-se de 2.839 receituários pertencentes a 1.617 pacientes que tiveram suas prescrições avaliadas utilizando-se a base de dados MICROMEDEX®. Identificamos que 75% das prescrições apresentavam algum tipo de interação. Das associações analisadas 44,4% apresentavam risco forte de interação, 23,9%, risco moderado e 6,5% risco leve. A maioria das interações com risco forte apresentavam como principal risco a cardiotoxicidade. A elevada frequência de interações e o risco de efeitos tóxicos apontam para a necessidade de introduzir métodos que auxiliem o farmacêutico na avaliação de prescrições, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.