Facing the severity of the impact of climate change andenvironmental degradation on human health, 32 InternalMedicine societies, colleges, and associations of 29 Spanishand Portuguese-speaking countries publish a consensusdocument calling for the implication of doctors and allhealth professionals, in the global fight against the causesof these changes. This commitment requires the cooperation of health-related organizations, elaboration and implementation of good environmental sustainability practices, greater awareness of health professionals and population, promotion of education and research in this area, increasing climate resilience and environmental sustainability of health systems, combating inequalities and protecting the most vulnerable populations, adopting behaviors that protect the environment, and claiming Internal Medicine as a core specialty for empowerment of the health system to respond to these challenges.

Several studies have established a direct relationship between environment exposure and the development of certain cancer pathologies. The state of the environment is directly influenced, in part, by anthropogenic activities, which highlight the typology of economic activity in the area. Starting from an initial project, namely WeGIx - WellBeing Global Index - this article aims to: Objectives: Establish an association between deaths due to malignant tumors of the larynx, bronchi, trachea and lungs and environmental exposure, namely PM10 , PM2,5 e NOx emissions, as well as to the type of economic activity allocated to the municipality, based on the typology of the territory - Predominantly Urban, Semi-urban and Predominantly Rural. Material and Method: Observational and transversal study; statistical data for the year 2015 from the PORDATA and APA - Portuguese Environment Agency - of the Portuguese population resident in the 308 municipalities. Data analysis performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics vs.24.0, considering a significance level of 0.05 for all statistical inference situations. Results: The associations made reveal a statistically significant difference of means between the three types of territory with regard to mortality. The results show that the behavior of the independent variables - related to population characteristics, pollutant emissions and typology of economic activity – in relation to mortality – varies according to the type of territory - Predominantly Urban, Semi-urban and Predominantly Rural. Conclusions: The study of the variables under analysis allows us to conclude that there is an association between deaths due to malignant larynx, bronchial, tracheal and lung tumors and the exposure of people to the environment, namely PM10, PM2.5 and NOx emissions. Regarding the typology of economic activity, as an element conditioned by the characteristics of the territory, the impact of its variability differs from the type of territory, consequently, influencing in a different way the vulnerability to death.

This study aimed to identify the effects of different pitch configurations on youth players positional and physical performances. Forty players participated in a Gk + 5vs5 + Gk small-sided game under four conditions: regular condition (regular), pitch with the direction of competitive matches; sided condition (sided), goals were changed to width; different pitch orientation (≠orientation), performed in side-to-side line compared to competitive matches; dynamic pitch (dynamic), boundaries were randomly changed every minute by: regular pitch; decrease 6 m width; diamond shape. The following variables were considered: players' effective playing space, distance between teammates' dyads time spent synchronized, average speed and a ratio between the distance covered at different intensities and distance covered while recovering. Overall, players exhibited better performances in pitches that are more representative of the environmental information seen during competitive matches (regular and ≠orientation). However, coaches may also use different boundary conditions to promote the players' ability to adapt to different context information.

The objective of this study involves identifying the influence of Total Early-stage entrepreneurial activities (TEA) over the propensity to engage in innovative practices in OECD member states. The study correspondingly applies aggregate data at the national level based upon the statistics gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in conjunction with the Global Competitive Index (GCI) for the years between 2009 and 2013. The analysis deploys endogenous variables (capacity for innovation, quality of scientific research institutions, company spending on R&D, and university-industry R&D focused collaboration) for the capturing of innovation, and uses mediating effects to explain how and under what conditions these innovation variables are shaped by TEA. We conclude that the relationship between TEA and innovation practices differs in accordance with the state of development of each economy. Furthermore, the proportion of ongoing entrepreneurial activities in a country has an impact on the emergence of innovation based practices. We seek to contribute reflections focused on the support policies enacted for entrepreneurship and innovation. We report that such decisions cannot be the same for countries in different stages of development.

This study aims to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial activity in the agri-food sector of the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (TMAD), taking into account a gender perspective. Thus, we intend to assess whether the environment influences embeddedness, and whether embeddedness, individual entrepreneurial orientation, innovative behaviour and gender impact or influence the perceptions of feasibility and desirability as antecedents of entrepreneurial activity of entrepreneurs in the agri-food sector of the TMAD region. The measurement instrument was applied to 249 firms in the agri-food sector, created in the last 5 years. A model was conceptualised where the relationships between the constructs relating to embeddedness, IEO and EI were presented, and three control variables were subsequently added: the innovative behaviour, the environment and gender. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, such as structural equation modelling, were used to assess the proposed conceptual model. Thus, considering the complexity of the model under study, we performed an analysis which considered personal factors or characteristics, such as innovative behaviour, gender and IEO, as these are characteristics of the individual and may be influenced or shaped by external factors such as the context, i.e., the environment and embeddedness.

This study aims to explain the term compliance and its environmental application, specifically on land tenure regularization, as a way to adjust the registration status of properties to better help with environmental protection. When analyzing the data referring to deforestation and degradation in the Amazon, it was noticed that there was an area with regularized and non-regulated lands, with a difference in deforestation. In order to verify whether land title regularization helps or not in environmental protection and whether it is adequate to the standards of integrity, or compliance, what is the best institute for this, whether land legitimacy or ownership legitimacy will be analyzed? The government data, from its space research institutes, was the basis of the environmental problem analyzed in a legal manner, to find out whether the areas had or not registered regularity. The objective is to verify whether the integrity not only of the norm, but also of the system, as well as of the owners or squatters of land in compliance with the norms, makes the correct real estate situation help or not in the control of burning and deforestation in the Amazon. With this thought in mind, the institutes of land legitimacy and possession of law 13.465 of 2017 were researched, the theoretical basis of the research, to understand them and verify their possibility of being used to regularize degraded areas in order to promote environmental recovery and enable greater control of its degradation. The methodology was based on research and official government data, laws, doctrines and, finally, it used legal technical deduction to expose the thematic understanding. With the issue of public lands to be regularized, an immersion into the subject will be made to understand its form of legal solution, as a result of this research, to verify to what extent the institutes and compliance can contribute to controlling deforestation in the Amazon region.

The present article analyses the United States environmental impact on agriculture intra-industry trade (IIT). The results indicate there is a negative correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and industry trade. According to the literature, i.e. this type of trade uses less pollution technology. In addition, we have found that emissions increase with the level of production. The economic size has a positive influence in carbon dioxide emissions.

Óleos alimentares (OA) sucessivamente reutilizados (OAU) conduzem a degradações irreversíveis. Este projecto (2012-2015), resultou da parceria UIIPS/IPS & Grupo Os Mosqueteiros, sendo a ESAS executora. Pretendeu-se seleccionar Indicadores de Degradação da Qualidade (IDQ), parâmetros físico-químicos que aliem baixo custo, rapidez e rigor na sinalização de atributos de defeito em OAU’s. Realizaram-se ensaios simulados em laboratório (testes de fritura e provas de estufa) e compararam-se resultados com os obtidos no biénio anterior, em OAU’s de uso real, pela correlação dos parâmetros: Acidez Total, Índice de Peróxidos, Índice de Iodo, Cor CIELab, Absorvência no UV e monotorização por controlo microbiológico e Compostos Polares Totais. Aplicando Melhores Práticas Laboratoriais Disponíveis, foi validado, a partir do normativo, um procedimento interno para AbsUV. Dependendo da fase do ciclo de vida, concluiu-se que AT, IP e cor CIELab (b*, C*) se adequam como IDQ’s; AbsUV e IInd, complexos e morosos, perfilam-se como métodos complementares, de referência.

This project addresses a set of common clinical problems in the context of children attending day care centres. It is common sense that children get sick more often as soon as they start attending a day care centre on a daily basis and this is particularly true for some groups at risk, as wheezing infants and wheezing pre-school children

Óleos alimentares usados (OAU) são usualmente designados como óleos de fritura. A degradação, por reutilizações sucessivas ou durante o armazenamento, pode ocorrer por diferentes vias: contacto, química, enzimática e microbiana. A degradação oxidativa é, provavelmente, a mais importante e estudada: é uma das maiores preocupações económicas da indústria, pois afeta a qualidade sensorial e nutritiva dos óleos alimentares, com a formação de compostos potencialmente tóxicos para consumo humano. Em Portugal, embora se implemente a recolha obrigatória dos OAU’s (que incorre na sua mistura, com perda de rastreabilidade), o principal destino final é ainda o envio para a rede de esgotos, prática proibida mas recorrente, um problema ambiental e um desperdício de matéria-prima, que pode e deve ser requalificada e valorizada, como por exemplo indústria de sabão, produção de biodiesel e processo de digestão anaeróbia. Na outra face da questão, a caracterização físico-química específica de OAU’s é uma área de I&D insuficientemente explorada. Com este trabalho pretende-se identificar parâmetros físico-químicos, de baixo custo, com resposta rápida e rigorosa no contexto da análise de OAU’s, com fim à sua recomendação como Indicadores de Degradação de Qualidade. O fator económico pesa na decisão. Propõe-se a análise de OAU’s em contexto real de uso e com degradação induzida em laboratório, através dos parâmetros; aw, Acidez Total (AT), Índice de Peróxidos (IP), Índice de Iodo (IInd); Cor CIE, Cor CIELab e Absorvência no UV (Abs UV), com monitorização por controlo microbiológico. Aplicando Melhores Práticas Laboratoriais Disponíveis (MPLD), por adaptação do normativo foram criados procedimentos internos ESAS, ao longo do projecto (2012-2013). As conclusões são ainda preliminares. Os ensaios com óleos usados em fritura industrial e na prova de estabilidade ao calor, mostram diferenças significativas entre lotes e nos parâmetros estudados, com exceção de aw. Os parâmetros AT, IP e cor CIELab, são promissores como IDQ’s. IndI e Abs UV, perfilam-se como métodos de referência. A cor CIE revelou se um método moroso, complexo, com elevado consumo de reagentes. Os parâmetros aw e cor CIE serão abandonados na prossecução do projecto.