Industry 5.0 presents itself as a strategy that puts the human factor at the centre of production, where the well-being of the worker is prioritized, as well as more sustainable and resilient production systems. For human centricity, it is necessary to empower human beings and, respectively, industrial operators, to improve their individual skills and competences in collaboration or cooperation with digital technologies. This research’s main purpose and distinguishing point are to determine whether Industry 5.0 is truly human-oriented and how human centricity can be created with Industry 5.0 technologies. For that, this systematic literature review article analyses and clarifies the concepts and ideologies of Industry 5.0 and its respective technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Human-robot collaboration, Digitalization), as well as the strategies of human centricity, with the aim of achieving sustainable and resilient systems, especially for the worker.

The popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) has caused a rapid increase in connected entities and exposed its lack of adequate Identity Management (IdM). Traditional IdM systems are highly dependent on central authorities; any failure can potentially compromise the entire system. To eliminate the drawback of central authorities and evolve IdM systems to meet increasingly stringent security requirements, theDecentralized Identification approach has been proposed. This approach often relies on blockchain technology to provide a secure and tamper-proof method of managing and verifying identities. Therefore, this article investigates the capabilities of blockchain-based decentralized identification for the IoT domain, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity of online devices. It describes a number of features and specifications of decentralized identification with a specific focus on Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI), a model in which entities own their identities. The article concludes with a discussion of technical aspects as well as potential obstacles and constraints to the implementation of decentralized identification in the context of the Internet of Things.

This research aims to conceptualize a service blueprinting framework to map the digital interaction and shared access to service system resources in Industry 4.0 operations. From the literature review we found that in Industry 4.0 operations, customer and provider are value co-creators, and thus, mapping the service process using such service blueprinting becomes useful to boost new dynamics generating positive and measurable innovation outcomes using either quantitative or qualitative indicators, indexed to the different stakeholders’ concerns. As recommended by the of Service Science, wealth comes from service innovation among service systems, so, it is necessary to know at the outset which resources are involved in value propositions along the service process. With this research, we have conceptualized an innovative service blueprinting framework for the digital innovation to visualize the bridge between the physical world and the virtual world in Industry 4.0 operations.

Portugal, although never being a country that was in the front lines in the adoption and exploitation of any of the previous three Industrial Revolutions, would seem to now have a new chance in taking the lead with the fourth Industrial Revolution, the Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 isn’t a concept with a very clear and agreed upon definition, but there are certain hallmarks that leads researchers to believe they are dealing with this phenomena. For example, technologies like Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are heavily referred when speaking of the “Smart Factories”. The culmination of these technological components integrated with a production line, will permit an organization to achieve higher results, this through the optimization of processes, as well as, making the products available to the consumers faster and with more customization options. The phenomena of the Industry 4.0 is one that is very appealing in terms of future promises that it makes, not only to the specific organization but to the host country as well. As such, a certain level of preparedness is desired form the companies within the country, in order for the adoption process be as seamless as possible. This notion lead to the creation of the “Preparedness Index”, which was generated with the data collected by an online survey created for this dissertation, with the responses of 149 Portuguese companies from various business backgrounds. With this index we could analyze the validity of four hypotheses, all pondering the level of preparedness of the host country in general (H1), as well as, the level of preparedness of certain key characteristics of the specific companies (H2, H3 and H4). All of the hypotheses here confirmed, this because the “Preparedness Index” itself was proven statistically viable. With these hypotheses proven we could conclude that Portugal is in fact, a country that is ready for the new innovations that the Industry 4.0 wants to bring.

We are witnessing a transition to a digital economy, popularized by academics and practitioners as the Fourth Industrial Era, also designated as Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Among all the available digital technologies and aiming to optimize the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) supply chain, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming officially mandatory worldwide. Oriented to a zero-waste, zero-ecological footprint and reduced time to execute the constructions, from the BIM, emerges a new procurement model which will affect many sectors integrating this supply chain, especially those more traditional and fragmented ones, such as the Ornamental Stone sector (OS). Addressing this problem through the Service Science perspective, the objective of this research was to conceptualize an Empirical Framework (EF), to evaluate the impact of the Industry4.0 operations on the Time-to-Deliver the products in a digital marketplace context. By applying this EF to a case study related to the Ornamental Stone in Portugal, it was found a positive impact of Industry 4.0 operations on the delivery time in the digital marketplace context.

O presente relatório é focado no trabalho feito durante o estágio. Esse trabalho consistiu no estudo das tecnologias e protocolos subjacentes ao projeto, no estudo do ISABELA e alguns casos de estudo similares, na implementação de um módulo de proximidade através de operações de bluetooth e o estudo de alguns Protocolos de Gestão de Redes e a integração do protocolo LWM2M, que gere os diversos dispositivos que fazem parte do projeto.O objetivo desta tese é continuar e expandir o trabalho feito, até agora, no ISABELA. Por isso, um dos pontos focais desta tese é um módulo de proximidade desenvolvido para inferir sobre sociabilidade. O módulo foi desenvolvido com base em operações de bluetooth, de modo a descobrir dispositivos nas proximidades e ficar a saber a quantidade de tempo que um estudante passa acompanhado das mesmas pessoas, no meio de multidões que não conhece ou sozinho. Esta plataforma foi testada num contexto real, por alunos do DEI, do ISCAC e de EPN, uma escola do Equador. Um dos principais objetivos foi alcançado, uma vez que o sistema avisa o estudante quando deteta comportamentos prejudiciais, através de mensagens do ChatBot. Este módulo, também, serviu para conhecer melhor a plataforma e aprender a trabalhar com os seus componentes. O outro ponto focal desta tese é a integração de um protocolo de gestão de redes para gerir os dispositivos heterogéneos que compõem o sistema. O protocolo escolhido foi LWM2M, desenhado pela companhia Open Mobile Alliance SpecWorks para gerir redes de sensores e dispositivos remotos. Essa integração foi feita segundo duas abordagens: 1) através do projecto Leshan do Eclipse, na qual o protocolo de gestão é paralelo ao sistema ISABELA e 2) através do Agente IoT para LWM2M do FIWARE, na qual o servidor é integrado diretamente num módulo do FIWARE do nosso projeto.Foram realizados testes de desempenho para avaliar o impacto que teria a adição do protocolo de gestão no consumo de bateria do smartphone. Os resultados foram favoráveis, culminando em que o consumo de bateria não é significativamente mais elevado para a aplicação que corre o ISABELA e o cliente LWM2M comparada com a aplicação que só corre o ISABELA.

The growing developments on networked devices, with different communication platforms and capabilities, made the cyber-physical systems an integrating part of most critical industrial infrastructures. Given their increasing integration with corporate networks, in which the industry 4.0 is the most recent driving force, new uncertainties, not only from the tangible physical world, but also from a cyber space perspective, are brought into play. In order to improve the overall resilience of a cyber-physical system, this work proposes a framework based on a distributed middleware that integrates a multiagent topology, where each agent is responsible for coordinating and executing specific tasks. In this framework, both physical and cyber vulnerabilities alike are considered, and the achievement of a correct state awareness and minimum levels of acceptable operation, in response to physical or malicious disturbances, are guaranteed. Experimental results collected with an IPv6-based simulator comprising several distributed computational devices and heterogeneous communication networks show the relevance and inherent benefits of this approach.

Standards ensure comparability, compatibility and interoperability, bringing benefits to business and consumers in terms of reduction of costs, enhancing performance and increasing safety. In particular, the use of standards contributes to foster and disseminate innovation. However, in spite of the relevance of standardization for research and innovation processes, this topic is rarely handled during the execution of such projects. In fact, the use of standards since the very beginning of the execution of research and innovation projects has an important value in supporting research and innovation. Moreover, following a standardization approach will help to reduce the costs and to prevent the development of unnecessary duplicate processes or technology, as well as to develop standardized products, processes and technologies, increasing the industrial acceptance and the project impact. Having this in mind, this paper presents a standardization methodology to be adopted during the development of research and innovation projects, which will help to analyze the existing standards in the field, their compliance during the solutions’ development and the identification of standardization gaps. The proposed approach was applied during the execution of the GO0DMAN project to develop a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) solution for multi-stage production systems aiming the Zero Defect Manufacturing (ZDM) strategy.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) play an important role in the implementation of new Industry 4.0 solutions, acting as the backbone infrastructure to host distributed intelligence capabilities and promote the collective intelligence that emerges from the interactions among individuals. This collective intelligence concept provides an alternative way to design complex systems with several benefits, such as modularity, flexibility, robustness, and reconfigurability to condition changes, but it also presents several challenges to be managed (e.g., non-linearity, self-organization, and myopia). With this in mind, this paper discusses the factors that characterize collective intelligence, particularly that associated with industrial CPS, analyzing the enabling concepts, technologies, and application sectors, and providing an illustrative example of its application in an automotive assembly line. The main contribution of the paper focuses on a comprehensive review and analysis of the main aspects, challenges, and research opportunities to be considered for implementing collective intelligence in industrial CPS. The identified challenges are clustered according to five different categories, namely decentralization, emergency, intelligent machines and products, infrastructures and methods, and human integration and ethics. Although the research indicates some potential benefits of using collective intelligence to achieve the desired levels of autonomy and dynamic adaptation of industrial CPS, such approaches are still in the early stages, with perspectives to increase in the coming years. Based on that, they need to be further developed considering some main aspects, for example, related to balancing the distribution of intelligence by the vertical and horizontal dimensions and controlling the nervousness in self-organized systems.

Multiple software agent-based solutions have been developed during the last decades, and applied with varying success to different domains offering control, reconfiguration, diagnosis, monitoring, etc. However, the promise that they once posed in terms of a new alternative decentralized approach offering modularity, flexibility and robustness, is only partially fulfilled. This paper investigates some key factors, i.e., design, technology, intelligence/algorithms, standardization, hardware, challenges, application and cost, which are hypothesized to be linked to the Industrial Agent acceptance. Empirical data was acquired via a conducted survey, and statistically analyzed to investigate the support of the posed hypotheses. The results indicate that all the factors are seen important issues that play a role toward deciding for or against an industrial agent solution.