The global drive toward energy transition and carbon neutrality requires integrated and data-driven approaches for managing buildings and smart cities. Existing urban energy assessment frameworks remain fragmented and often lack multiscale interoperability between building-level models and territorial datasets. At the same time, shallow geothermal energy is emerging as an efficient and renewable solution for sustainable heating and cooling. To address these gaps, this study examines the potential of GeoBIM, the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as a unified framework for multiscale energy analysis and for supporting shallow geothermal applications. A systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA framework, combining a systematic literature review using the Scopus database with the critical examination of representative case studies. The results show that GeoBIM-based modeling improves data quality, enhances thermal performance assessments, and supports the implementation of shallow geothermal systems, including energy piles and district-scale ground-coupled networks. Reported applications demonstrate energy consumption reductions exceeding 40% in certain urban contexts. Several research gaps and challenges were identified, particularly data interoperability issues, lack of standardization, computational complexity, and the need for specialized training. Overall, the review indicates that GeoBIM offers a promising pathway for optimizing resources, supporting informed decision-making, and advancing resilient and sustainable smart buildings and cities.

Airport pavement condition assessment plays a critical role in ensuring operational safety, surface functionality, and long-term infrastructure sustainability. Traditional visual inspection methods, although widely used, are increasingly challenged by limitations in accuracy, subjectivity, and scalability. In response, the field has seen a growing adoption of automated and intelligent inspection technologies, incorporating tools such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), Laser Crack Measurement Systems (LCMS), and machine learning algorithms. This systematic review aims to identify, categorize, and analyze the main technological approaches applied to functional pavement inspections, with a particular focus on surface distress detection. The study examines data collection techniques, processing methods, and validation procedures used in assessing both flexible and rigid airport pavements. Special emphasis is placed on the precision, applicability, and robustness of automated systems in comparison to traditional approaches. The reviewed literature reveals a consistent trend toward greater accuracy and efficiency in systems that integrate deep learning, photogrammetry, and predictive modeling. However, the absence of standardized validation protocols and statistically robust datasets continues to hinder comparability and broader implementation. By mapping existing technologies, identifying methodological gaps, and proposing strategic research directions, this review provides a comprehensive foundation for the development of scalable, data-driven airport pavement management systems.

Multiple chemotherapeutic strategies have been developed to tackle the complexity of cancer. Still, the outcome of chemotherapeutic regimens remains impaired by the drugs’ weak solubility, unspecific biodistribution and poor tumor accumulation after systemic administration. Such constraints triggered the development of nanomaterials to encapsulate and deliver anticancer drugs. In fact, the loading of drugs into nanoparticles can overcome most of the solubility concerns. However, the ability of systemically administered drug-loaded nanomaterials to reach the tumor site has been vastly overestimated, limiting their clinical translation. The drugs’ and drug-loaded nanomaterials’ systemic administration issues have propelled the development of hydrogels capable of performing their direct/local delivery into the tumor site. The use of these macroscale systems to mediate a tumor-confined delivery of the drugs/drugs-loaded nanomaterials grants an improved therapeutic efficacy and, simultaneously, a reduction of the side effects. The manufacture of these hydrogels requires the careful selection and tailoring of specific polymers/materials as well as the choice of appropriate physical and/or chemical crosslinking interactions. Depending on their administration route and assembling process, these matrices can be classified as injectable in situ forming hydrogels, injectable shear-thinning/selfhealing hydrogels, and implantable hydrogels, each type bringing a plethora of advantages for the intended biomedical application. This review provides the reader with an insight into the application of injectable and implantable hydrogels for performing the tumor-confined delivery of drugs and drug-loaded nanomaterials.

Os escritos reunidos neste livro dividem-se em duas partes. A primeira parte é composta por dois textos ministrados no âmbito de conferências. A segunda parte é o livro inacabado de Thomas Kuhn, A Pluralidade dos Mundos: uma Teoria Evolucionista do Desenvolvimento Científico. [...]

The current systematic review aimed to analyse studies on the concurrent validity and reliability of microelectromechanical devices for measuring intense running and peak speed performance. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Keywords and synonyms were entered in various combinations in the title, abstract, or keywords: (“Global positioning system” OR “Global Navigation Satellite System” OR “GPS”) AND (Validity OR Accuracy OR Reliability OR Precision OR Repeatability OR Reproducibility OR Consistency) AND (“sprint” OR “peak speed” “top seed” OR “maximal speed”). The risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. From 839 studies, 20 were systematically analysed. It was found that 16 global positioning system (GPS) models were considered valid and 12 were considered reliable for measuring intense running and/or peak speed performance. Intense running performance in GPS with lower sampling rate (e.g. ≤ 5 Hz) acquisition demonstrated reduced validity and reliability in nonlinear movement patterns as well as movement intensity increases. Some limitations of the evidence, including the conditions associated with exercise testing and the benchmark and device used, varied between studies. In addition, the data of the algorithms used by GPS can affect the interpretation of the results. Thus it would be advisable to use higher sampling rates.

Introduction: Football and futsal are associated with a high risk of injuries and consequently, the development of mental health problems. Health and wellness programs aimed at reducing the incidence of injuries, but these areas remain insufficiently explored in the literature, there fore, their effectiveness is still uncertain. Objective: This study aimed to present a systematic review that analyzes the effects of health and well-being programs on the incidence of injuries in football and futsal athletes. Methodology: A search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases to se lect relevant literature on the topic. The selected literature was based on health and wellness programs applied to football players, and after implementation, the difference in the incidence of injuries examined. Studies that used experimental study design to compare athletes before and after the intervention were selected. Results: Based on the physiotherapy evidence database scale, criteria were applied to assess the interventions’ evidence. Seven studies were classified as having good methodological qual ity, while four were classified as moderate and one as poor. From a total of 329, 12 studies were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Conclusions: The different studies selected addressed various types of programs (e.g., Mindful ness, Stress Inoculation Therapy and Biofeedback, Psychological and physiotherapy, Yoga). The programs reduced the incidence of sports injuries in football athletes and improved individual and team performance and reduced muscle tension. However, research is scarce, while studies are needed.

Cannabis sativa L. is a versatile plant with significant medicinal, industrial, and recreational applications. Its therapeutic potential is attributed to cannabinoids like THC and CBD, whose production is influenced by environmental factors, such as radiation, temperature, and humidity. Radiation, for instance, is essential for photosynthetic processes, acting as both a primary energy source and a regulator of plant growth and development. This review covers key factors affecting C. sativa cultivation, including photoperiod, light spectrum, cultivation methods, environmental controls, and plant growth regulators. It highlights how these elements influence flowering, biomass, and cannabinoid production across different growing systems, offering insights for optimizing both medicinal and industrial cannabis cultivation. Studies indicate that photoperiod sensitivity varies among cultivars, with some achieving optimal flowering and cannabinoid production under extended light periods rather than the traditional 12/12 h cycle. Light spectrum adjustments, especially red, far-red, and blue wavelengths, significantly impact photosynthesis, plant morphology, and secondary metabolite accumulation. Advances in LED technology allow precise spectral control, enhancing energy efficiency and cannabinoid profiles compared to conventional lighting. The photoperiod plays a vital role in the cultivation of C. sativa spp., directly impacting the plant’s developmental cycle, biomass production, and the concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes. The response to photoperiod varies among different cannabis cultivars, as demonstrated in studies comparing cultivars of diverse genetic origins. On the other hand, indoor or in vitro cultivation may serve as an excellent alternative for plant breeding programs in C. sativa, given the substantial inter-cultivar variability that hinders the fixation of desirable traits.

Introduction: Football and futsal are associated with a high risk of injuries and consequently, the development of mental health problems. Health and wellness programs aimed at reducing the incidence of injuries, but these areas remain insufficiently explored in the literature, there fore, their effectiveness is still uncertain. Objective: This study aimed to present a systematic review that analyzes the effects of health and well-being programs on the incidence of injuries in football and futsal athletes. Methodology: A search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases to se lect relevant literature on the topic. The selected literature was based on health and wellness programs applied to football players, and after implementation, the difference in the incidence of injuries examined. Studies that used experimental study design to compare athletes before and after the intervention were selected. Results: Based on the physiotherapy evidence database scale, criteria were applied to assess the interventions’ evidence. Seven studies were classified as having good methodological qual ity, while four were classified as moderate and one as poor. From a total of 329, 12 studies were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Conclusions: The different studies selected addressed various types of programs (e.g., Mindful ness, Stress Inoculation Therapy and Biofeedback, Psychological and physiotherapy, Yoga). The programs reduced the incidence of sports injuries in football athletes and improved individual and team performance and reduced muscle tension. However, research is scarce, while studies are needed.

This scoping review explored the effect of different strength training programs on Phase Angle, a marker of cellular health, in healthy young adults. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, until April 2025, following the PRISMA framework (PICOS) for longitudinal controlled trials with healthy adults (18–35 years) undergoing strength training (dynamic/ isometric) for at least 4 weeks. Of 8722 records, four studies were included, revealing variable immediate effects of strength training on Phase Angle (increases, decreases, and no significant changes). The synthesised evidence suggests, however, that strength training protocols with higher training volumes and intensities may be associated with more favourable long-term changes in Phase Angle. It is concluded that, although strength training with higher volume and intensity may be beneficial, the immediate effects on Phase Angle are variable. Modalities such as low-load blood flow restriction training or low-frequency isometric training may not improve, or may even decrease, Phase Angle in the short term. Given the scarcity and heterogeneity of studies, this review is exploratory, and further research is needed to optimise Phase Angle through strength training in young adults

Strength training is essential for enhancing performance and preventing injuries in soccer. This narrative review explores the complexities of strength training for soccer players, structured around three key areas: (i) the classification and definition of different strength expressions, (ii) the role of the force–velocity continuum in soccer-specific power development, and (iii) the tailored strength methodologies required across different phases of the season. The aim is to clarify how distinct strength qualities align with the physical and performance demands of soccer. The review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of different strength training strategies on key athletic outcomes, highlighting the relevance of explosive methods during the in-season and the foundational role of traditional strength training during the off-season. By integrating theoretical concepts with applied perspectives, the review proposes a conceptual framework that provides evidence-informed recommendations to support practitioners in designing safe, effective, and context-specific training programs for soccer players across developmental stages and competitive schedules. Future research should focus on improving the methodological quality and consistency of intervention studies, clarifying dose–response relationships, and examining the transfer of specific strength qualities to match-related performance outcomes across different age groups and competition levels